{"id":21097,"date":"2021-12-29T02:38:08","date_gmt":"2021-12-29T06:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/osteomag.ca\/2021\/12\/29\/hyperparathyroidism-and-bone\/"},"modified":"2022-09-15T01:30:32","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T05:30:32","slug":"hyperparathyroidism-and-bone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/hyperparathyroidism-and-bone\/","title":{"rendered":"Hyperparathyroidism and bone"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Hyperparathyroidism is a condition of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormones, either by the parathyroid glands or an ectopic focus (usually a malignant tumor such as breast, lung or pancreatic cancer) leading to multisystem manifestations. Bone disease occurs in about half of patients with the disease.&#13;\n<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone.<\/li><li>This hormone helps maintain a proper balance of calcium in the bloodstream and in tissues that depend on calcium to function properly.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Parathyroid hormone&#13;\n<ul><li>Increases the concentration of calcium in the serum.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Decreases the level of phosphate in the serum&#13;\n<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>To achieve this goal, this hormone:&#13;\n<ul><li>Increases intestinal absorption of calcium&#13;\n<\/li><li>Decreasing renal tubular excretion of calcium&#13;\n<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>OSTEOCLASTS (BONE RESORPTION CELLS) HAVE RANK RECEPTORS ON THEIR SURFACE WHILE&#13;\n<\/p>\n\n<p>OSTEOBLASTS (BONE DEPOSITION CELLS) HAVE COMPLEMENTARY RANKL RECEPTORS TO THEIR SURFACE.&#13;\n<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>PTH binds to osteoblasts via its own receptors and dissociates RANKL, which goes to and binds to its corresponding RANK receptor on osteoclasts, thereby activating them and causing bone resorption.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Thus, for bone resorption, PTH acts via osteoblasts which further stimulate bone resorption cells, i.e. osteoclasts.&#13;\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"498\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2021-01-14_11-11-30.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2021-01-14_11-11-30.jpg 498w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2021-01-14_11-11-30-80x34.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/hyperparathyroidism-and-bone\/#What_happens_when_there_is_too_much_parathyroid_hormone_circulating_in_the_body\" >What happens when there is too much parathyroid hormone circulating in the body?&#13;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/hyperparathyroidism-and-bone\/#Presentation\" >Presentation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/hyperparathyroidism-and-bone\/#Symptoms\" >Symptoms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/hyperparathyroidism-and-bone\/#Radiography\" >Radiography<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_happens_when_there_is_too_much_parathyroid_hormone_circulating_in_the_body\"><\/span>What happens when there is too much parathyroid hormone circulating in the body?&#13;\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Too much PTH tells the body to make more calcium available.<\/li><li>The body responds with:<ul><li>Release more calcium into the blood from the bone (where most of your calcium is stored).&#13;\n<ul><li>The loss of calcium in the bone weakens them and increases the risk of fractures.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>The digestive tract absorbs more calcium from the foods you eat.<\/li>\n<li>The kidneys hold calcium back into the bloodstream instead of flushing it out in the urine.&#13;\n<ul><li>Too much calcium in your kidneys can cause kidney stones to form.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"471\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2021-01-15_5-57-31.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2021-01-15_5-57-31.jpg 722w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2021-01-15_5-57-31-540x352.jpg 540w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2021-01-15_5-57-31-80x52.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Presentation\"><\/span>Presentation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>Generalized osteopenia secondary to diffuse bone resorption<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Generalized bone pain: The bones may even be tender to palpation.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Pathological fractures: Usually involve the dorsolumbar spine, neck and stem of the femur, and pubic branches.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Brown tumors: In areas of particularly rapid bone loss, hemorrhage, restorative granulation tissue, and vascular fibrous tissue replace normal bone marrow, resulting in a brown tumor.&#13;\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symptoms\"><\/span>Symptoms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Osteoporosis<\/li><li>Kidney stones<\/li><li>Excessive urination<\/li><li>Abdominal pain<\/li><li>Tired<\/li><li>Depression<\/li><li>Bone and joint pain<\/li><li>Nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Radiography\"><\/span>Radiography<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Generalized osteopenia&#13;\n<ul><li>leading to diffuse bone loss<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Brown tumors:&#13;\n<ul><li>present as expansive lytic cystic lesions seen primarily in:&#13;\n<ul><li>Mandible<\/li><li>Maxillary<\/li><li>Ribs<\/li><li>Clavicle<\/li><li>Pelvis<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Subperiosteal resorption of the phalanges.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Skull with salt and pepper appearance (diffuse dotted lines).&#13;\n<\/li><li>Horizontal striped vertebrae resulting from alternating bands of bone loss and osteosclerosis in patients with renal osteodystrophy.<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hyperparathyroidism is a condition of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, either by the parathyroid glands or an ectopic focus (usually a malignant tumour such as breast, lung or pancreatic cancer) leading to multisystem manifestations. Bone disease occurs in about half of the patients with the disease.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21136,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[236],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21097","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-not-classified"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}