{"id":25637,"date":"2022-06-02T06:22:38","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T10:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/osteomag.ca\/muscle-spasm\/"},"modified":"2022-09-15T01:35:38","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T05:35:38","slug":"muscle-spasm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/muscle-spasm\/","title":{"rendered":"Muscle spasm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\">A muscle spasm is a sudden, involuntary movement of one or more muscles.&#13;\n<\/p>\n\n<p>A spasm is described as an involuntary muscle contraction, when measured by electomyography, or as spontaneous motor unit activity (Travel, Simons, 1983).&#13;\n<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Muscular defense is a reflex which is a muscular spasm in response to pain.&#13;\n<\/li><li>This painful stimulus is due to local tissue damage and is present in the acute phases of a condition.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Muscle spasm acts as a functional protection of injured structures, reducing movement and preventing further injury.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Muscular defense can also result from referred pain.<\/li><li>In both cases, the muscular defense disappears when the pain is relieved (Kisner; Colby, 1990; Janda, 1991).&#13;\n<\/li><li>However, the idea that muscle spasms protect injured tissue has led to the overuse of immobilization, such as bed rest or splints to treat spasms, especially those associated with trauma.&#13;\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24605\" width=\"770\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14.jpg 1026w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14-540x277.jpg 540w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14-80x41.jpg 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14-768x394.jpg 768w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14-150x77.jpg 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14-600x308.jpg 600w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2022-05-11_21-32-14-696x357.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption>The pain-spasm cycle.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pain resulting from direct or indirect trauma, inflammation or infection can trigger a muscle defense contraction.&#13;\n<\/li><li>Increased excitation of the sympathetic nervous system, emotional stresses, cold or cooling of tissues and immobilization also lead to muscle defense contraction.&#13;\n<\/li><li>This contraction restricts joint movement.<\/li><li>Lack of movement causes tissue ischemia or circulatory stasis and retention of metabolites, which in turn irritate nerve endings, resulting in pain.&#13;\n<\/li><li>The muscle responds to pain by remaining in spasm.<\/li><\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\">This spasm will remain even when the tissue damage that caused the initial muscular defense reflex is no longer acute (Kisner; Colby, 1990; Cailliet, 1993; Rachlin, 1994).<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Muscles that frequently spasm<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gastrocnemians<\/li><li>Soleus<\/li><li>Hamstrings<\/li><li>Quadratus lumborum<\/li><li>Intrinsic back muscles<\/li><li>Intercostals<\/li><li>Sternocleidomastoid.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Causes of muscle spasms and cramps include:<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u25ba Pain resulting from inflammation, direct or indirect trauma or infection;&#13;\n<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Circulatory stasis due to reflex muscle defense, restriction of movement and decreased circulation<\/li><li>Increase in gamma neurons due to stress, anxiety, fatigue, or injury from overstretching nearby tissues.<\/li><li>Cooling of the muscle resulting in a contraction of reflex muscle defense;<\/li><li>Nutritional alteration.<ul><li>Decreased calcium intake<\/li><li>Sodium loss<ul><li>Excessive sweating<\/li><li>Dehydration<\/li><li>Electrolyte disturbance due to persistent vomiting<\/li><li>Hypocalcemia due to persistent diarrhea<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Lack of vitamin D, because this vitamin helps to synthesize enzymes that actively transport calcium, necessary for normal muscle contraction (Dunne, 1990).<\/li><li>Trauma<\/li><li>Muscle overuse<\/li><li>Emotional stress<\/li><li>Cold muscles<\/li><li>Prolonged immobilization,<\/li><li>Ischemia (temporary lack of oxygen in a localized tissue)<\/li><li>Dehydration<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A muscle spasm is a sudden, involuntary movement of one or more muscles.&#13; A spasm is described as an involuntary muscle contraction, when measured by electomyography, or as spontaneous motor unit activity (Travel, Simons, 1983).&#13; Muscular defense is a reflex which is a muscular spasm in response to pain.&#13; This painful stimulus is due to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","iawp_total_views":2,"footnotes":""},"categories":[271],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25637","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-sport-injury"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25637"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25637\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}