{"id":25650,"date":"2022-06-02T12:22:39","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T16:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/osteomag.ca\/bicip-tendinosis\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T16:11:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-17T21:11:10","slug":"biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/","title":{"rendered":"Biceps tendinitis or tendinopathy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/#Cause_of_bicipital_tenosynovitis\" >Cause of bicipital tenosynovitis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/#Symptoms_of_bicipital_tenosynovitis\" >Symptoms of bicipital tenosynovitis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/#Pathophysiology\" >Pathophysiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/#Differential_diagnosis_of_bicipital_tenosynovitis\" >Differential diagnosis of bicipital tenosynovitis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/#Bicipital_tenosynovitis_usually_occurs_in_association_with_other_shoulder_problems\" >Bicipital tenosynovitis usually occurs in association with other shoulder problems<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/biceps-tendinitis-or-tendinopathy\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bicipital tenosynovitis is a painful condition resulting from inflammation of the biceps brachii tendon and the synovial sheath surrounding it.&nbsp;This condition often occurs following repetitive arm movements, traumatic injuries or activities that put intense strain on the biceps muscle.&nbsp;Individuals with bicipital tenosynovitis typically experience pain in the anterior part of the shoulder, near the bicipital groove, which may worsen with certain arm movements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the characteristic symptoms of bicipital tenosynovitis is pain localized in the front part of the shoulder, often associated with a feeling of stiffness.&nbsp;The pain may be exacerbated by flexion or rotation of the arm, as well as by palpation of the affected area.&nbsp;It is common for the pain to radiate down the arm, particularly towards the forearm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"youtube-embed\" data-video_id=\"mPx0BcQGU5M\"><iframe title=\"Biceps Tendonitis - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mPx0BcQGU5M?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Biceps tendinitis: Credit Dr. Nabil Ebraheim MD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Swelling and tenderness in the bicipital groove may accompany tenosynovitis, resulting from inflammation of the synovial sheath that surrounds the biceps tendon.&nbsp;When the sheath becomes inflamed, it can produce excessive synovial fluid, leading to a feeling of swelling and warmth in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A typical symptom of bicipital tendinosis is anterior shoulder pain that worsens when flexing the shoulder forward.&nbsp;Bicipital tenosynovitis is partly due to impingement between the biceps tendons and the acromio-coracoid arch.&nbsp;Bicipital tenosynovitis usually appears acutely, after overuse or misuse of the shoulder joint, such as trying to start a lawn mower that refuses to start, or performing a tennis serve. above the head.&nbsp;The biceps muscle and tendons are susceptible to trauma and damage.&nbsp;If the injuries are severe enough, the tendon in the long head of the biceps can rupture, creating a &#8220;Popeye&#8221; bicep (named after the cartoon character).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Loss of strength or function in the affected arm may also be seen in some people with bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;Activities requiring arm strength or extension can become difficult, compromising the ability to perform daily tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Risk factors for bicipital tenosynovitis include work or sports activities that frequently strain the biceps muscle, as well as repetitive movements involving bending or rotating the arm.&nbsp;Individuals participating in sports such as throwing, weightlifting, or swimming are particularly susceptible to developing this condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-facteurs-de-risque\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cause_of_bicipital_tenosynovitis\"><\/span>Cause of bicipital tenosynovitis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Bicipital tenosynovitis has its origins in various causes, mainly linked to mechanical, traumatic or inflammatory factors that affect the biceps brachii tendon and its synovial sheath.&nbsp;Understanding these causes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of this painful condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Repetitive arm movements, such as those involved in certain work or sporting activities, represent one of the main causes of bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;Excessive demands on the biceps muscle, associated with repetitive movements of flexion or rotation of the arm, can lead to excessive wear of the tendon and its synovial sheath.&nbsp;Professionals engaged in activities requiring intensive use of the arm, such as throwers in throwing sports or workers performing repetitive movements, are particularly exposed to this risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Traumatic injuries, such as direct impacts to the anterior shoulder or sudden arm movements, can also trigger bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;These traumas cause micro-lesions in the tendon and synovial sheath, triggering an inflammatory response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Intense sporting activities, especially those involving lifting or carrying heavy loads, can contribute to the development of this condition.&nbsp;Weight lifting, for example, puts a lot of strain on the biceps muscle and can increase the risk of bicipital tenosynovitis, particularly if lifting techniques are not correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anatomical factors and the presence of underlying medical conditions may also play a role in triggering bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;Particular shoulder anatomy or conditions such as arthritis can increase friction and pressure on the tendon, allowing inflammation to develop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Overuse or overload:<\/strong>&nbsp;Constantly repeating arm movements, especially those involving extension or flexion of the elbow, can lead to overuse of the biceps tendon, causing irritation and inflammation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Acute trauma:<\/strong>&nbsp;Trauma such as sports injuries, falls, or direct impacts to the shoulder can damage the biceps tendon and trigger an inflammatory response.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Repetitive movements:<\/strong>&nbsp;Certain work or sporting activities that involve repetitive arm movements may contribute to the development of bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;This may include repetitive actions at work, poorly performed strength training exercises, or specific sports activities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Underlying medical conditions:<\/strong>&nbsp;Medical conditions such as arthritis, tendinitis, or other inflammatory disorders may increase the risk of developing bicipital tenosynovitis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anatomical abnormalities:<\/strong>&nbsp;Anatomical abnormalities of the shoulder or biceps tendon may increase susceptibility to inflammation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong>&nbsp;Bicipital tenosynovitis may occur more frequently with age due to normal wear and tear of tendons and joint structures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Overweight:<\/strong>&nbsp;Excess weight can increase the load on joints and tendons, increasing the risk of inflammation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improper exercise technique:<\/strong>&nbsp;Improper use of weight training equipment or poor technique when performing exercises can overwork the biceps tendon and lead to inflammation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-symptomes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symptoms_of_bicipital_tenosynovitis\"><\/span>Symptoms of bicipital tenosynovitis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Symptoms of bicipital tenosynovitis are characterized by a combination of pain, swelling, and limitation of movement in the shoulder and arm area.&nbsp;This condition affects the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle, as well as the synovial sheath surrounding it, leading to specific clinical manifestations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pain is one of the predominant symptoms of bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;Affected individuals typically feel localized pain in the front of the shoulder, near the biceps tendon.&nbsp;This pain may be described as stabbing or sharp, and it often intensifies with movement of the arm, especially when bending or rotating.&nbsp;Palpation of the painful area can also trigger increased sensitivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Swelling is commonly seen in the affected area.&nbsp;Inflammation of the synovial sheath due to tenosynovitis can lead to fluid buildup, causing a sensation of swelling and increased visibility of the affected area.&nbsp;Swelling can contribute to shoulder stiffness and limit range of motion, making symptoms worse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Limitation of movement is another major symptom of bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;Affected individuals may experience difficulty lifting or moving their arm due to the pain and stiffness associated with this condition.&nbsp;Daily activities, such as combing your hair, reaching overhead, or carrying loads, may become painful and restricted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, cracking or crackling sounds may be felt when moving the affected arm.&nbsp;These noises may result from increased friction between the biceps tendon and its synovial sheath, accentuated by inflammation.&nbsp;Although these crackles are not specific to bicipital tenosynovitis, their presence may be an additional indicator of the condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pain:<\/strong>&nbsp;Pain is a common symptom of bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;It is usually felt in the front of the arm, near the shoulder, and may worsen with arm movements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Swelling:<\/strong>&nbsp;Inflammation can cause swelling around the affected area, which may be visible or noticeable to the touch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Crackle or crackle:<\/strong>&nbsp;Some individuals may feel or hear a crackle or crackle when they move their arm.&nbsp;This may be due to friction between the inflamed tendon and the synovial sheath.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stiffness:<\/strong>&nbsp;Bicipital tenosynovitis can cause stiffness in the arm, limiting the shoulder&#8217;s range of motion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Muscle Weakness:<\/strong>&nbsp;Due to pain and inflammation, some individuals may experience weakness in the biceps muscle, which can affect arm strength.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tenderness to touch:<\/strong>&nbsp;The affected area may be tender to the touch, and pressure on the inflamed tendon may make the pain worse.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pathophysiology\"><\/span>Pathophysiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The pathophysiology of bicipital tenosynovitis is based on inflammation of the synovial sheath which surrounds the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.&nbsp;This condition often results from repetitive strain injury, excessive movement, or overuse of the arm, causing irritation and an inflammatory reaction in the tendon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the pathophysiology, repeated microtrauma can lead to lesions in the biceps tendon.&nbsp;These lesions trigger an inflammatory response, characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines.&nbsp;These chemicals promote vasodilation and blood flow to the affected area, thereby contributing to inflammation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inflammation of the synovial sheath is a key component of bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;The synovial sheath is a membrane that surrounds the biceps tendon, ensuring its lubrication and facilitating its movement in space.&nbsp;However, with overuse or trauma, this sheath can become inflamed, lose its normal lubrication capacity and lead to increased friction between the tendon and its sheath.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The inflammatory response can also cause thickening of the synovial sheath, reducing the space available for tendon movement.&nbsp;This increased compression can worsen the pain and stiffness experienced by individuals with bicipital tenosynovitis.&nbsp;Additionally, the buildup of inflammatory fluid can lead to a feeling of swelling in the affected area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Symptoms, such as pain, swelling, and limitation of movement, result from the complex interplay between inflammation-induced anatomical changes and associated neurological responses.&nbsp;The pain is often exacerbated by movement of the arm, as the inflamed tendon and irritated synovial sheath experience additional strain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tendon insult or overuse:<\/strong>&nbsp;Bicipital tenosynovitis can often be triggered by repetitive arm movements, intensive sports activities, trauma, or overuse of the muscle.&nbsp;These factors can attack the biceps tendon, leading to an inflammatory response.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Initial inflammatory response:<\/strong>&nbsp;When the biceps tendon is attacked, the body responds by triggering an inflammatory response to attempt to heal the damaged area.&nbsp;Chemical mediators, such as prostaglandins, are released, leading to vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Infiltration of Inflammatory Cells:<\/strong>&nbsp;Immune system cells, such as leukocytes (white blood cells), migrate to the affected area to fight the perceived aggressor.&nbsp;This contributes to inflammation and can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling and warmth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Synovial fluid production:<\/strong>&nbsp;The synovial sheath that surrounds the biceps tendon normally produces synovial fluid to facilitate movement of the tendon.&nbsp;However, in response to inflammation, the production of this fluid can increase, leading to excessive accumulation and contributing to the formation of tenosynovitis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thickening of the synovial sheath:<\/strong>&nbsp;Due to persistent inflammation, the synovial sheath may thicken.&nbsp;This can lead to increased friction between the biceps tendon and the sheath, contributing to symptoms such as crackling or cracking during arm movements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scar formation:<\/strong>&nbsp;In more severe or prolonged cases, healing processes may occur, leading to scar formation around the tendon.&nbsp;This can lead to loss of flexibility and stiffness of the muscle.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diagnostique-differentiel\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differential_diagnosis_of_bicipital_tenosynovitis\"><\/span>Differential diagnosis of bicipital tenosynovitis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rotator Cuff Tendon Injuries:<\/strong>&nbsp;Injuries or inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons can cause similar symptoms, including shoulder pain and decreased mobility.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shoulder bursitis:<\/strong>&nbsp;Inflammation of the synovial bursa, located between the tendons and bones of the shoulder, can cause similar pain and swelling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Subacromial impingement syndrome:<\/strong>&nbsp;This is a condition where the rotator cuff tendons can be compressed under the shoulder bone (acromion), leading to pain and limitations of movement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shoulder Arthritis:<\/strong>&nbsp;Forms of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, can cause inflammation of the shoulder joints, causing similar symptoms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bicipital tendonitis:<\/strong>&nbsp;Although bicipital tenosynovitis involves inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding the biceps tendon, bicipital tendonitis refers specifically to inflammation of the tendon itself.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shoulder Instability:<\/strong>&nbsp;Certain problems related to shoulder instability, such as recurrent dislocations, can also present with similar symptoms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bicipital_tenosynovitis_usually_occurs_in_association_with_other_shoulder_problems\"><\/span>Bicipital tenosynovitis usually occurs in association with other shoulder problems<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bicipital tenosynovitis can sometimes be associated with other shoulder problems, although this is not always the case.&nbsp;Some shoulder disorders that may be linked to bicipital tenosynovitis include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Subacromial impingement syndrome:<\/strong>&nbsp;This is a condition in which the mango tendons of the rotators, located under the shoulder bone (acromion), can become pinched or rubbed during arm movements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bursitis:<\/strong>&nbsp;An inflammation of the synovial bursa, a small sac of fluid that reduces friction between the tendons and bones in the shoulder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rotator cuff tendon injuries:<\/strong>&nbsp;The rotator cuff tendons can be affected by injuries, partial tears, or inflammation, which can lead to similar symptoms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shoulder arthritis:<\/strong>&nbsp;Inflammation of the shoulder joints, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, can also be associated with biceps tendon problems.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Frank RM, Cotter EJ, Strauss EJ, Jazrawi LM, Romeo AA.&nbsp;Management of Biceps Tendon Pathology: From the Glenoid to the Radial Tuberosity.&nbsp;J Am Acad Orthop Surg.&nbsp;2018 Feb 15;26(4):e77-e89.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29337716\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nho SJ, Strauss EJ, Lenart BA, Provencher MT, Mazzocca AD, Verma NN, Romeo AA.&nbsp;Long head of the biceps&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>tendinopathy<\/strong>&nbsp;: diagnosis and management.&nbsp;J Am Acad Orthop Surg.&nbsp;2010 Nov;18(11):645-56.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21041799\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neer CS.&nbsp;Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report.&nbsp;J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972 Jan;54(1):41-50.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/5054450\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Tibone JE, Perry J. An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching.&nbsp;A second report.&nbsp;Am J Sports Med.&nbsp;1984 May-Jun;12(3):218-20.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6742305\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pagnani MJ, Deng XH, Warren RF, Torzilli PA, O&#8217;Brien SJ.&nbsp;Role of the long head of the biceps brachii in glenohumeral stability: a biomechanical study in cadavera.&nbsp;J Shoulder Elbow Surg.&nbsp;1996 Jul-Aug;5(4):255-62.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8872922\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Itoi E, Kuechle DK, Newman SR, Morrey BF, An KN.&nbsp;Stabilizing function of the biceps in stable and unstable shoulders.&nbsp;J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993 Jul;75(4):546-50.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8331107\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wilk KE, Hooks TR.&nbsp;The Painful Long Head of the Biceps Brachii: Nonoperative Treatment Approaches.&nbsp;Clin Sports Med.&nbsp;2016 Jan;35(1):75-92.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26614470\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Borms D, Ackerman I, Smets P, Van den Berge G, Cools AM.&nbsp;Biceps Disorder Rehabilitation for the Athlete: A Continuum of Moderate-to-High-Load Exercises.&nbsp;Am J Sports Med.&nbsp;2017 Mar;45(3):642-650.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28125910\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eakin CL, Faber KJ, Hawkins RJ, Hovis WD.&nbsp;Biceps tendon disorders in athletes.&nbsp;J Am Acad Orthop Surg.&nbsp;1999 Sep-Oct;7(5):300-10.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10504357\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biceps tendinosis describes a clinical condition of inflammatory tenosynovitis, most commonly affecting the tendinous portion of the long head of the biceps as it travels into the bicipital groove of the proximal humerus. A typical symptom of bicipital tendinosis is anterior shoulder pain that worsens when bending the shoulder forward.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23094,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","iawp_total_views":2,"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25650","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-shoulder"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25650"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25650\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23094"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}