{"id":31510,"date":"2022-09-09T03:22:37","date_gmt":"2022-09-09T07:22:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/osteomag.ca\/osteonecrosis-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-03T09:43:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T14:43:04","slug":"understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 Disease in Children"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Impact\" >Impact<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#History_of_the_discovery_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease\" >History&nbsp;of the discovery of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Demography\" >Demography<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Stage_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease\" >Stage of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Stage_1\" >Stage 1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Stage_2\" >Stage 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Stage_3\" >Stage 3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Stage_4\" >Stage 4<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Waldenstrom_classification\" >Waldenstr\u00f6m classification<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Initial\" >Initial<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Fragmentation\" >Fragmentation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Reconstruction\" >Reconstruction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Healing\" >Healing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#A_Journey_Through_the_Stages_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_Disease\" >A Journey Through the Stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 Disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Risk_factors_for_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease_MLPC\" >Risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease (MLPC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Symptoms_and_warning_signs_in_children\" >Symptoms and warning signs in children<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Pathophysiology_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease_MLPC\" >Pathophysiology of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease (MLPC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Early_diagnosis_why_is_it_crucial_in_this_disease\" >Early diagnosis: why is it crucial in this disease?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Differential_diagnostics\" >Differential diagnostics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Treatment_Options_for_Legg-Perthes-Calve_Disease\" >Treatment Options for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 Disease<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Conservative_approaches\" >Conservative approaches<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Surgical_approaches\" >Surgical approaches<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Frequently_asked_questions_about_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease\" >Frequently asked questions about Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Radiographic_signs\" >Radiographic signs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#Questionnaire_1\" >Questionnaire 1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/understanding-legg-perthes-calve-disease-children\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><strong>Introduction<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is a pediatric orthopedic condition that affects the hip, causing significant disruption in the lives of children.&nbsp;This condition manifests itself as impaired blood flow to the head of the femur, the thigh bone, leading to avascular necrosis of the femoral head.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease can affect one or both hips, and characteristic symptoms include lameness, hip stiffness, and possibly pain, which can significantly affect the mobility and well-being of the hip. child.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Treatment of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease primarily aims to restore vascularization of the femoral head and maintain a functional hip joint.&nbsp;Therapeutic approaches vary depending on the severity of the disease and may include conservative methods such as rest, the use of orthopedic appliances, osteopathy, and in some cases, surgical interventions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conservative measures often involve a period of rest and limitation of physical activities to allow the joint to recover.&nbsp;The use of orthopedic devices, such as splints or crutches, may be recommended to relieve pressure on the hip and aid the healing process.&nbsp;Osteopathy can also be incorporated to improve hip mobility and flexibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In more serious cases or when conservative approaches are not sufficient, surgical interventions may be considered.&nbsp;These procedures aim to restore the form and function of the femoral head, sometimes using repositioning or fixation techniques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is essential to emphasize that Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease can have a significant impact on the growth of the femoral head, and early management is crucial to minimize long-term complications.&nbsp;Regular medical monitoring is necessary to assess the progression of the disease and adjust the treatment plan accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease represents a delicate orthopedic challenge in children, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to ensure optimal recovery.&nbsp;Early identification, careful medical monitoring, and implementation of appropriate treatment methods are essential to mitigate the long-term effects of this condition on the health and well-being of affected children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"342\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-540x342.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22894\" style=\"width:672px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-540x342.webp 540w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-1030x651.webp 1030w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-80x51.webp 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-768x486.webp 768w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-696x440.webp 696w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-1068x676.webp 1068w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38-664x420.webp 664w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2019-12-26_5-43-38.webp 1132w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Osteonecrosis is a bone disease.&nbsp;It results from loss of blood supply to the bone.&nbsp;Without oxygen carried by the blood, bone tissue dies and the joint surface collapses.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact\"><\/span><strong>Impact<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The incidence of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease varies, but it is usually seen in children, most commonly between 4 and 8 years of age.&nbsp;Although less common, the disease can also occur earlier.&nbsp;Boys are affected more often than girls.&nbsp;Early identification and appropriate management are essential to minimize long-term complications and promote optimal recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History_of_the_discovery_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease\"><\/span><strong>History&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>of the discovery of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease was described independently in 1910 by three eminent physicians: Arthur Thornton Legg, Jacques Calv\u00e9 and Georg Clemens Perthes.&nbsp;Each of these medical pioneers has made significant contributions to the understanding of this pediatric orthopedic condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Arthur Thornton Legg (1874\u20131939)<\/strong>&nbsp;, a British surgeon, was the first to document this disease, observing its distinctive features and effects on the hip in children.&nbsp;His contribution to the clinical description of the disease laid the foundations for the later recognition of this condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jacques Calv\u00e9 (1875\u20131954)<\/strong>&nbsp;, a French orthopedic surgeon, also played a crucial role in the identification and characterization of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease.&nbsp;His clinical observations made it possible to consolidate existing knowledge and detail the symptoms, thus contributing to a better understanding of this complex disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Georg Clemens Perthes (1869\u20131927)<\/strong>&nbsp;, a German orthopedic surgeon, also made significant contributions to the understanding of the disease that bears his name.&nbsp;His work laid the foundation for understanding the underlying mechanisms, particularly with a focus on the disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These three physicians worked independently, but their findings and descriptions converged to establish Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease as a distinct medical entity.&nbsp;Their work has been crucial in raising awareness of this condition in the medical community, allowing for earlier diagnoses and advances in therapeutic approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease continues to be studied and treated thanks to the foundations laid by Legg, Calv\u00e9 and Perthes.&nbsp;Their dedication to medical research has paved the way for advances in the understanding and management of this disease, improving the quality of life of affected children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"492\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/img0.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23812\" style=\"width:532px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/img0.jpg 492w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/img0-80x45.jpg 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/img0-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/img0-300x167.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Perthes disease was described in 1910 by Legg as an &#8220;obscure affection of the hip joint&#8221;, by Calv\u00e9 as &#8220;pseudocoxalgia&#8221; and by Perthes as &#8220;juvenile arthritis deformans&#8221;.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demography\"><\/span><strong>Demography<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stage_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease\"><\/span>Stage of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stage_1\"><\/span>Stage 1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mainly, hip pain.&nbsp;X-rays may show the beginning of necrosis.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"497\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32227\" style=\"width:413px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-2.png 453w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-2-369x405.png 369w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-2-73x80.png 73w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-2-150x165.png 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-2-300x329.png 300w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-2-383x420.png 383w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stage_2\"><\/span>Stage 2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bone death is visible on x-ray, but the femoral head is intact.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"529\" height=\"497\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32223\" style=\"width:381px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image.png 529w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-431x405.png 431w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-80x75.png 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-150x141.png 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-300x282.png 300w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-447x420.png 447w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stage_3\"><\/span>Stage 3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bone death is visible on x-ray, along with signs of cartilage damage and osteoarthritis.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-1.png 475w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-1-393x405.png 393w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-1-78x80.png 78w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-1-150x155.png 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-1-300x309.png 300w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-1-407x420.png 407w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stage_4\"><\/span>Stage 4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The femoral head is collapsed and presents with severe osteoarthritis.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"496\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32229\" style=\"width:384px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-3.png 496w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-3-405x405.png 405w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-3-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-3-420x420.png 420w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Waldenstrom_classification\"><\/span>Waldenstr\u00f6m classification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-initilial\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Initial\"><\/span>Initial<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"133\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32983\" style=\"width:255px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png 133w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1-66x80.png 66w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 133px) 100vw, 133px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Sclerotic epiphysis with enlargement of the joint<br>(x-rays may not show changes until 4-6 months).&nbsp;Following the interruption of arterial flow at the level of the superior femoral epiphysis, the epiphyseal bone becomes necrotic.&nbsp;Over time, as a result of shear forces, a subchondral fracture occurs, which is often the first sign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fragmentation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fragmentation\"><\/span>Fragmentation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"133\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32985\" style=\"width:235px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png 133w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2-66x80.png 66w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 133px) 100vw, 133px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Due to bone resorption and collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-reconstruction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reconstruction\"><\/span>Reconstruction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"131\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32987\" style=\"width:229px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png 131w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3-66x80.png 66w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 131px) 100vw, 131px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The necrotic bone is resorbed and gradually replaced by new bone (may last up to 18 months).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-guerison\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Healing\"><\/span>Healing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"131\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32989\" style=\"width:247px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png 131w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4-65x80.png 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 131px) 100vw, 131px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Continuous remodeling until maturity.&nbsp;The epiphysis is completely vascularized again, but can present significant deformations.&nbsp;The rest of the growth will allow the femoral head to remodel.&nbsp;At bone maturity, no more remodeling is possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Journey_Through_the_Stages_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_Disease\"><\/span><strong>A Journey Through the Stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 Disease<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 Disease (LCPD) is a complex pediatric orthopedic condition that affects the hip, causing significant disruption in children&#8217;s lives.&nbsp;This disease begins with a devastating process known as Avascular Necrosis (AN), where the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted, leading to avascular necrosis of this essential region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first step in this complex journey is Avascular Necrosis.&nbsp;It is here that blood flow to the femoral head is impaired, initiating a chain of events that characterize the progression of LCPD.&nbsp;Deterioration of the femoral head triggers an inflammatory response, marking the onset of inflammation and pain.&nbsp;These two elements become the distinctive motif of the symphony of illness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the disease progresses, Muscle Spasms and Contractures come into play.&nbsp;Muscles respond to persistent pain and mechanical adjustments by contracting involuntarily, contributing to the complexity of the clinical picture.&nbsp;These spasms modify Joint Mechanics, altering the biomechanics of the hip joint and leaving lasting imprints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Joint Instability becomes inevitable as the shape and structure of the femoral head undergoes changes.&nbsp;The joint, once stable, becomes vulnerable to instability, marking a turning point in the course of the disease.&nbsp;This instability leads to a Reduction in Weight Bearing on the affected hip, an attempt by the body to relieve the normal pressure placed on the painful joint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, the last stage of this journey is characterized by Secondary Modifications and Deformations.&nbsp;Prolonged adjustments in joint mechanics, muscular imbalances resulting from spasms, and reduction in weight carried lead to lasting changes in the hip joint, leaving visible after-effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This sequence forms a continuous cycle, each step being intrinsically linked to the previous one, thus creating a self-perpetuating dynamic.&nbsp;Breaking this complex cycle requires targeted therapeutic interventions, careful pain management, and a thorough understanding of the particularities of each individual case.&nbsp;Although the number of stages may vary from case to case, each child going through this complex journey of LCPD does so with nuances unique to their development.&nbsp;It is a journey where every step counts, where every therapeutic intervention can make a difference, offering a glimmer of hope in the management and understanding of this delicate disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Risk_factors_for_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease_MLPC\"><\/span><strong>Risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease (MLPC)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease (LPLD) are diverse and play a crucial role in understanding this pediatric orthopedic condition.&nbsp;Although the exact cause of MLPC is not fully understood, several elements have been identified as potential contributors to its development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Age is one of the main risk factors, with PCML mainly affecting children aged 2 to 12 years, with a peak incidence around 6 to 7 years of age.&nbsp;Boys are also more likely to be affected than girls, with an incidence ratio of around 4:1.&nbsp;This higher prevalence in boys remains a notable feature of the disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A family history of PCML is another significant risk factor.&nbsp;Children with family members who have known the disease are at increased risk of developing PCML themselves.&nbsp;This suggests a potential genetic component in predisposition to this condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Factors related to vascularization also play a role.&nbsp;Children with vascular problems, such as blood clotting disorders or circulatory problems, may be more predisposed to PCML.&nbsp;Additionally, environmental factors, such as passive smoking, have been studied for their association with increased risk of MLPC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Strenuous physical activities, especially those that involve repetitive impacts on the hip, can also be triggers.&nbsp;Children participating in sports or high-impact physical activities may be at increased risk, although the exact relationship between physical activity and MLPC requires further study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Early identification of these risk factors is crucial for the proactive management of MLPC.&nbsp;Doctors can assess family history, monitor early signs in at-risk children, and recommend adjustments in lifestyle or physical activities to reduce potential risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is a condition that results from avascular necrosis (blood deprivation) of the femoral head, the upper part of the thigh bone.&nbsp;The exact causes of this condition are not always clear, but it is believed that it can be influenced by several factors, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Genetic factors:<\/strong>&nbsp;There is evidence suggesting a genetic predisposition to Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease.&nbsp;Some children have an increased genetic susceptibility, and there may be a family history of the disease.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vascular problems:<\/strong>&nbsp;The disease is characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head, meaning blood flow to this area is compromised.&nbsp;Vascular problems, such as abnormalities in the blood supply to the hip, may contribute to the development of the disease.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environmental factors:<\/strong>&nbsp;Certain environmental factors may play a role, although it is not always clear.&nbsp;Trauma, infections, or other environmental influences can potentially contribute to illness in some children.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong>&nbsp;Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease usually occurs in children aged 4 to 10 years, during which bone growth is rapid.&nbsp;However, it can also occur in younger or older children.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gender:<\/strong>&nbsp;The disease is more common in boys than girls.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Racial factors:<\/strong>&nbsp;Some studies have shown that Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may be more common in Caucasian children compared to other ethnic groups.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symptoms_and_warning_signs_in_children\"><\/span><strong>Symptoms and warning signs in children<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Early symptoms and signs play a vital role in the early identification of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease (LPLD) in children.&nbsp;Although this pediatric orthopedic condition can begin insidiously, certain early indicators can alert parents and healthcare professionals to the need for a thorough evaluation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the common first warning signs is limping, often seen when the child walks.&nbsp;Lameness may result from the pain associated with PCML, prompting the child to modify their gait to relieve discomfort at the hip.&nbsp;This lameness may initially be mild and intermittent, becoming more pronounced as the disease progresses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hip pain is a major symptom of CPML.&nbsp;Children may complain of pain in the hip, groin, or knee area, and this pain may be exacerbated by physical activity.&nbsp;Some children may also have joint stiffness, limiting their ability to perform normal hip movements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another sign to watch for is decreased hip mobility.&nbsp;Children with MLPC may experience a reduction in hip range of motion, which may be seen when flexion or extension of the leg.&nbsp;This limitation in mobility can contribute to lameness and difficulty in daily activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In some cases, early radiological signs can be detected by imaging tests such as x-rays.&nbsp;These signs may include changes in the shape of the femoral head, reflecting ongoing avascular necrosis.&nbsp;However, clinical symptoms and confirmation by imaging studies are often necessary to make a definitive diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hip or thigh pain:<\/strong>&nbsp;Children may feel pain in the hip or thigh, usually on the affected side.&nbsp;The pain may be mild at first and get worse over time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lameness:<\/strong>&nbsp;Children can develop lameness due to joint pain and stiffness.&nbsp;Lameness may be more obvious after a period of inactivity, such as getting up in the morning or after a nap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduced mobility:<\/strong>&nbsp;There may be a decrease in the range of motion of the hip.&nbsp;Children may have difficulty performing normal movements such as flexion, extension, and rotation of the hip.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Muscle atrophy:<\/strong>&nbsp;Over time, muscle atrophy may develop in the hip area, due to limitation of physical activity caused by pain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Joint stiffness:<\/strong>&nbsp;The hip may become stiff, and the child may have difficulty performing certain movements without feeling pain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tenderness to palpation:<\/strong>&nbsp;The area around the hip may be tender to touch, and palpation may trigger pain.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pathophysiology_of_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease_MLPC\"><\/span><strong>Pathophysiology of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease (MLPC)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The pathophysiology of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease (LPLD) involves a complex disruption of the vascularization process of the femoral head in growing children.&nbsp;This pediatric orthopedic condition usually begins with impaired blood flow to the head of the femur, the thigh bone.&nbsp;This vascular defect compromises the essential blood supply needed to nourish bone cells, thereby leading to progressive avascular necrosis of the femoral head.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pathological process often begins insidiously, with a progressive decrease in vascularity to the femoral head.&nbsp;The absence of sufficient nutrients and oxygen triggers a cascade of cellular responses, leading to the progressive death of bone cells.&nbsp;The resulting avascular necrosis leads to significant structural changes in the head of the femur, altering its normal form and function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the disease progresses, local inflammatory reactions may occur, further worsening tissue damage.&nbsp;Inflammation may contribute to the pain, swelling, and reduced joint mobility seen in children with MLPC.&nbsp;The consequences of avascular necrosis and inflammatory changes can lead to deformity of the femoral head, thereby affecting the stability of the hip and leading to characteristic lameness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ischemia and Necrosis:<\/strong>&nbsp;MLCP usually begins with a decreased blood supply to the head of the femur, leading to ischemia (lack of blood supply) in this region.&nbsp;Decreased blood flow can lead to avascular necrosis, where bone tissue gradually dies due to lack of oxygen and nutrients.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Repair and Remodeling:<\/strong>&nbsp;In response to necrosis, the body attempts to repair damaged bone tissue.&nbsp;This can lead to the formation of new bone tissue and remodeling of the head of the femur.&nbsp;However, this repair process may not proceed uniformly, leading to deformities of the femoral head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inflammation and Pain:<\/strong>&nbsp;Necrosis and the repair process can cause an inflammatory reaction in the affected area.&nbsp;Inflammation contributes to pain and other symptoms associated with MLCP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Growth Impairments:<\/strong>&nbsp;MLCP commonly occurs in growing children, and the disease can affect normal growth of the femur.&nbsp;Growth alterations can lead to permanent deformities of the femoral head and hip joint.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Early_diagnosis_why_is_it_crucial_in_this_disease\"><\/span><strong>Early diagnosis: why is it crucial in this disease?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Early diagnosis of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is crucial due to several factors that can influence treatment and long-term outcomes.&nbsp;Here are some reasons why early diagnosis is important in this disease:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Early intervention to prevent permanent deformity:<\/strong>&nbsp;Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease can lead to permanent deformities of the femoral head and hip joint.&nbsp;Early intervention, usually through conservative or surgical means, can help minimize these deformities and preserve normal joint function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Promotion of normal growth:<\/strong>&nbsp;Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease usually occurs in growing children.&nbsp;Early diagnosis allows doctors to implement treatment strategies that aim to support normal growth of the femoral head and minimize disruptions in bone development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduced risk of complications:<\/strong>&nbsp;Early treatment can help reduce the risk of complications associated with the disease, such as early arthritis.&nbsp;By intervening quickly, we can minimize the long-term deleterious effects on the hip joint.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improved quality of life:<\/strong>&nbsp;By identifying Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease early and implementing an appropriate treatment plan, we can improve the child&#8217;s quality of life.&nbsp;This includes pain management, preservation of mobility and reduction of psychosocial impacts linked to the disease.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Possibility of less invasive treatments:<\/strong>&nbsp;In some cases, early diagnosis may allow for less invasive and more conservative treatments, which may be beneficial, particularly in young, growing children.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differential_diagnostics\"><\/span><strong>Differential diagnostics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA):<\/strong>&nbsp;JIA is a chronic inflammation of the joints that can also affect children.&nbsp;It may present with similar symptoms, such as joint pain and stiffness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Joint infection:<\/strong>&nbsp;An infection of the joint, such as osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, can cause symptoms similar to PCML.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blood clotting disorders:<\/strong>&nbsp;Certain clotting disorders can cause problems with vascularization, leading to avascular necrosis.&nbsp;These disorders must be considered in the differential diagnosis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bone tumors:<\/strong>&nbsp;Although rare in children, some bone tumors can affect the head of the femur and cause symptoms similar to MLCP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hip Dysplasia:<\/strong>&nbsp;Developmental abnormalities of the hip, such as hip dysplasia, may present with similar symptoms and require differential evaluation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatment_Options_for_Legg-Perthes-Calve_Disease\"><\/span><strong>Treatment Options for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 Disease<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease, the age of the child, and the severity of the symptoms.&nbsp;Treatment options can be divided into conservative and surgical approaches.&nbsp;It is important to note that treatment must be personalized according to the specific characteristics of each case.&nbsp;Here is an overview of treatment options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conservative_approaches\"><\/span>Conservative approaches<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rest and activity restriction:<\/strong>&nbsp;Particularly during the early stages of the disease, it may be recommended to limit physical activities and allow the hip to rest to reduce pressure on the femoral head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Osteopathy:<\/strong>&nbsp;Osteopathy exercises may be prescribed to improve hip mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles and promote proper posture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Orthotics:<\/strong>&nbsp;The use of orthotics, such as splints or casts, may be recommended to stabilize the hip and reduce the load on the femoral head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anti-inflammatory medications:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Surgical_approaches\"><\/span>Surgical approaches<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Osteotomy:<\/strong>&nbsp;This surgical procedure aims to reshape the bone to restore the normal shape of the femoral head.&nbsp;Different types of osteotomies may be considered depending on the specific characteristics of the disease.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Epiphysiolysis:<\/strong>&nbsp;This is a surgical procedure aimed at decompressing the femoral head and improving vascularization by removing part of the bone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Resection or debridement:<\/strong>&nbsp;In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove deformed or necrotic bone fragments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hip replacement:<\/strong>&nbsp;In severe cases and in adults, hip arthroplasty (hip replacement) may be considered.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_asked_questions_about_Legg-Perthes-Calve_disease\"><\/span><strong>Frequently asked questions about Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>What is Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is a condition that involves avascular necrosis of the femoral head, usually in children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the symptoms of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease in children?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Symptoms include hip pain, lameness, reduced mobility, and sometimes tenderness to palpation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Risk factors include genetic predispositions, vascular problems, environmental factors, young age, male gender and particular ethnic origin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Why is early diagnosis important in Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Early diagnosis allows appropriate treatment to be initiated in the early stages of the disease, which can help prevent complications and minimize long-term after-effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the radiographic signs of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Radiographic signs include avascular necrosis, bone fragmentation, joint space reduction, callus formation, joint deformities, crescent sign, and osteophytes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the treatment options for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Options include rest, physical therapy, orthotics, anti-inflammatory medications, osteotomy, epiphysiolysis, resection, debridement, and sometimes hip arthroplasty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Which healthcare professional should I see if I suspect my child has Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consult a pediatrician, who can refer to a pediatric orthopedist for specialized evaluations and recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How is the disease monitored and treated over time?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Follow-up includes regular x-rays to assess disease progression.&nbsp;Treatment can be adjusted depending on the evolution of the child&#8217;s condition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the expected results with the treatment of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Results vary, but early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help minimize after-effects, preserve joint function and improve quality of life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Can Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease affect adults?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Although the disease is more common in children, it can sometimes affect adults.&nbsp;Treatment may differ depending on age and severity of the disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Radiographic_signs\"><\/span><strong>Radiographic signs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Radiographic signs of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease are usually observed using medical imaging tests, such as x-rays.&nbsp;These signs may change over time as the disease progresses.&nbsp;Here are some of the characteristic radiographic signs of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Avascular necrosis:<\/strong>&nbsp;Decreased bone density of the femoral head due to avascular necrosis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bone fragmentation:<\/strong>&nbsp;Presence of bone fragments detached from the femoral head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Joint space reduction:<\/strong>&nbsp;Decrease in the space between the femoral head and the acetabulum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bone callus formation:<\/strong>&nbsp;Development of bone callus in response to necrosis and bone fragmentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Joint deformities:<\/strong>&nbsp;Changes in the shape of the femoral head and acetabulum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Crescent sign:<\/strong>&nbsp;Crescent-shaped bony condensation located in the superior and anterior region of the femoral head, seen in advanced stages of the disease.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Osteophyte:<\/strong>&nbsp;Formation of additional bony growths, often seen in areas affected by Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11-540x382.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22890\" style=\"width:560px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11-540x382.webp 540w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11-80x57.webp 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11-768x544.webp 768w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11-100x70.webp 100w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11-696x493.webp 696w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11-593x420.webp 593w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2020-01-08_8-43-11.webp 826w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">There is an area of \u200b\u200breduced density representing the crescent sign, indicating a subchondral fracture<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2021-12-14_11-51-51.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22892\" style=\"width:538px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2021-12-14_11-51-51.webp 510w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2021-12-14_11-51-51-80x55.webp 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2021-12-14_11-51-51-100x70.webp 100w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2021-12-14_11-51-51-218x150.webp 218w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&nbsp;Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis shows flattening of the outer portion of the right femoral head, avascular necrosis, with narrowing of the adjacent joint space, juxta-articular sclerosis, and osteophytes representing degenerative joint disease<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Leg-Perthe-x-ray.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32981\" style=\"width:534px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Leg-Perthe-x-ray.jpg 468w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Leg-Perthe-x-ray-80x51.jpg 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Leg-Perthe-x-ray-150x96.jpg 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Leg-Perthe-x-ray-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">There is severe flattening and widening of the head and neck of the right femur.&nbsp;This x-ray is typical of Perthes disease.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease represents a complex pediatric orthopedic condition that was first identified and described in the early 20th century by physicians Arthur Thornton Legg, Jacques Calv\u00e9, and Georg Clemens Perthes.&nbsp;Their dedication to medical research has laid the foundation for understanding this condition, enabling earlier diagnoses and significant advances in therapeutic approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This disease, characterized by disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur, can lead to avascular necrosis, thereby affecting the growth and development of the thigh bone.&nbsp;It occurs most often in children between 4 and 8 years old, with a predominance in boys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Treatment of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease aims to restore vascularization of the femoral head and maintain a functional hip joint.&nbsp;Therapeutic approaches include rest, the use of orthopedic appliances, osteopathy, and in some cases, surgical interventions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The story of the discovery of this disease is a testament to the importance of international medical collaboration in understanding pediatric conditions.&nbsp;Thanks to the contributions of Legg, Calv\u00e9 and Perthes, Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is now better understood, which facilitates early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the disease can present significant challenges, including impacts on femoral head growth and long-term complications, early and appropriate management can minimize these effects and promote optimal recovery.&nbsp;Continuing research in the field of pediatric orthopedics aims to further improve treatment options and optimize the quality of life of children affected by Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion gutena-accordion-block gutena-accordion-block-0deea6-55\" data-single=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel gutena-accordion-block__panel\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel-title gutena-accordion-block__panel-title\"><div class=\"gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px\">Questionnaire 1<\/h6>\n<div class=\"trigger-up-down\"><div class=\"horizontal\"><\/div><div class=\"vertical\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel-content gutena-accordion-block__panel-content\"><div class=\"gutena-accordion-block__panel-content-inner\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Who first described Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Arthur Thornton Legg<br>b.&nbsp;Jacques Calv\u00e9<br>v.&nbsp;Georg Clemens Perthes<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main characteristic of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis of the femoral head<br>b.&nbsp;Early arthritis<br>c.&nbsp;Bone fragmentation<br>d.&nbsp;Joint space reduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At what age does Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease usually appear in children?<br>has.&nbsp;1-3 years<br>b.&nbsp;4-8 years<br>c.&nbsp;9-12 years<br>d.&nbsp;13-16 years old<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main goal of treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Relieve pain<br>b.&nbsp;Restore vascularization of the femoral head<br>c.&nbsp;Minimize lameness<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Initial stage, fragmentation, reconstruction, healing<br>b.&nbsp;Stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4<br>c.&nbsp;Initial, fragmentation, reconstruction, healing<br>d.&nbsp;Pain, stiffness, inflammation, deformation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the role of osteopathy in the treatment of disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Strengthen muscles<br>b.&nbsp;Improve mobility<br>c.&nbsp;Facilitate the healing process<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the characteristic radiographic sign seen in advanced stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis<br>b.&nbsp;Bone fragmentation<br>c.&nbsp;Crescent sign<br>d.&nbsp;Joint space reduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Age<br>b.&nbsp;Gender<br>c.&nbsp;Heredity<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why is early diagnosis crucial in Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;To avoid permanent deformation<br>b.&nbsp;To promote normal growth<br>c.&nbsp;To reduce the risk of complications<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main consequence of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease on the femoral head?<br>has.&nbsp;Osteophytes<br>b.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis<br>c.&nbsp;Bone fragmentation<br>d.&nbsp;Joint space reduction<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the possible answers for each question:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Who first described Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All previous answers (Arthur Thornton Legg, Jacques Calv\u00e9, Georg Clemens Perthes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main characteristic of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Respond to.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis of the femoral head<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At what age does Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease usually appear in children?&nbsp;Answer: c.&nbsp;9-12 years old<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main goal of treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All of the above (Relieve pain, restore vascularity, minimize lameness)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: c.&nbsp;Initial, fragmentation, reconstruction, healing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the role of osteopathy in the treatment of disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All previous answers (Strengthen muscles, improve mobility, facilitate the healing process)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the characteristic radiographic sign seen in advanced stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: c.&nbsp;Crescent sign<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All previous answers (Age, gender, heredity)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why is early diagnosis crucial in Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All of the above (Avoid permanent deformity, promote normal growth, reduce risk of complications)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main consequence of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease on the femoral head?&nbsp;Answer: b.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel gutena-accordion-block__panel\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel-title gutena-accordion-block__panel-title\"><div class=\"gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px\">Questionnaire 2<\/h6>\n<div class=\"trigger-up-down\"><div class=\"horizontal\"><\/div><div class=\"vertical\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel-content gutena-accordion-block__panel-content\"><div class=\"gutena-accordion-block__panel-content-inner\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>What is the synonym for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Juvenile osteochondritis deformans<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Coxa plana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (NATF)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Ischemic necrosis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) All of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Who contributed to the discovery of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease in 1910?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Arthur Thornton Legg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Jacques Calv\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Georg Clemens Perthes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>At what stage of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is the femoral head collapsed with severe osteoarthritis?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Stage 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Stage 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Stage 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Stage 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) Healing Stage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Age<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Gender<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Heredity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is the recommended treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease in the early stages?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Rest and activity restriction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Osteopathy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Orthotics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Anti-inflammatory drugs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) All of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What surgical procedure aims to reshape the bone to restore the normal shape of the femoral head?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Epiphysiolysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Resection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Hip replacement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Osteotomy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) All of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Why is early diagnosis of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease crucial?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) To prevent permanent deformation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) To support normal growth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) To reduce the risk of complications<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What radiographic sign is seen in advanced stages of the disease, in the form of crescent-shaped bone condensation?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Avascular necrosis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Bone fragmentation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Crescent sign<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Osteophyte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) Bone callus formation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What symptoms are characteristic of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease in children?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Hip pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Lameness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Reduction of mobility<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Which healthcare professional should be consulted if Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is suspected?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Generalist<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Cardiologist<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Pediatrician<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Dermatologist<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is the main characteristic of Stage 1 Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Bone death visible on x-ray<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Hip pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Bone fragmentation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Reduction of joint space<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) Sclerotic epiphysis with enlargement of the joint<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the environmental factors that can influence Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Trauma<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Joint infections<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Passive smoking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>When was Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease first described?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) 1901<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) 1910<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) 1925<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) 1935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) 1940<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is the main growth period in children when Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is more common?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) 0-2 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) 3-5 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) 6-8 years old<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) 9-11 years old<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) 12-14 years old<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are the radiographic signs of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Avascular necrosis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Bone fragmentation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Reduction of joint space<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is the main goal of treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Restore the vascularization of the femoral head<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Avoid lameness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Prevent joint infections<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What stage of the disease is characterized by bone death visible on x-ray and signs of osteoarthritis?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Stage 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Stage 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Stage 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Stage 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) Reconstruction stage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What mechanism triggers Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Inflammatory process<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Vascular defect<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Overuse of the hip<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is the main difference between Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease and Freiberg disease?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) Affected joint<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Age of onset<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Predominant sex<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is the approximate prevalence of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease in the pediatric population?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A) 1 in 1000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) 1 in 500<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) 1 in 250<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) 1 in 100<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E) 1 in 50<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>E) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Stage 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A) Rest and activity restriction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Osteotomy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Crescent sign<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) Pediatrician<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Hip pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) 1910<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C) 6-8 years old<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A) Restore the vascularization of the femoral head<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) Stage 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) Vascular defect<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D) All of the above<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B) 1 in 500<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel gutena-accordion-block__panel\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel-title gutena-accordion-block__panel-title\"><div class=\"gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px\">Questionnaire 3<\/h6>\n<div class=\"trigger-up-down\"><div class=\"horizontal\"><\/div><div class=\"vertical\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gutena-accordion-panel-content gutena-accordion-block__panel-content\"><div class=\"gutena-accordion-block__panel-content-inner\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is characterized by an interruption of the blood supply to the head of the femur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Symptoms of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may include lameness, hip stiffness, and possibly pain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease mainly affects adults.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Treatment of the disease aims to restore vascularization of the femoral head and maintain a functional joint.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease include age, gender, genetic factors, vascular problems, passive smoking, and trauma.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Waldenstr\u00f6m&#8217;s classification includes the initial, fragmentation, reconstruction, and healing stages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surgical interventions for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may include osteotomy, epiphysiolysis, resection, and hip arthroplasty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Radiographic signs of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may include avascular necrosis, bone fragmentation, and bone callus formation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease was independently described in 1910 by Arthur Thornton Legg, Jacques Calv\u00e9 and Georg Clemens Perthes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Early diagnosis of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease is important to prevent permanent deformities of the femoral head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conservative approaches to treatment may include rest, use of orthopedic appliances, and osteopathy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease can affect one or both hips.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may also be called Juvenile Osteochondritis Deformans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease usually occurs in adults over the age of 60.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Children with Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may experience pain in the hip or thigh, and sometimes tenderness when palpated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may be more common in Caucasian children compared to other ethnic groups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease may include anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and inflammation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osteonecrosis results from loss of blood supply to the bone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Physicians Legg, Calv\u00e9 and Perthes contributed independently to the description and understanding of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surgical procedures may be necessary in severe cases of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease, including osteotomy and hip replacement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fake<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fake<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TRUE<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Questionnaire_1\"><\/span><strong>Questionnaire 1<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Who first described Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Arthur Thornton Legg<br>b.&nbsp;Jacques Calv\u00e9<br>v.&nbsp;Georg Clemens Perthes<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main characteristic of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis of the femoral head<br>b.&nbsp;Early arthritis<br>c.&nbsp;Bone fragmentation<br>d.&nbsp;Joint space reduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At what age does Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease usually appear in children?<br>has.&nbsp;1-3 years<br>b.&nbsp;4-8 years<br>c.&nbsp;9-12 years<br>d.&nbsp;13-16 years old<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main goal of treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Relieve pain<br>b.&nbsp;Restore vascularization of the femoral head<br>c.&nbsp;Minimize lameness<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Initial stage, fragmentation, reconstruction, healing<br>b.&nbsp;Stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4<br>c.&nbsp;Initial, fragmentation, reconstruction, healing<br>d.&nbsp;Pain, stiffness, inflammation, deformation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the role of osteopathy in the treatment of disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Strengthen muscles<br>b.&nbsp;Improve mobility<br>c.&nbsp;Facilitate the healing process<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the characteristic radiographic sign seen in advanced stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis<br>b.&nbsp;Bone fragmentation<br>c.&nbsp;Crescent sign<br>d.&nbsp;Joint space reduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;Age<br>b.&nbsp;Gender<br>c.&nbsp;Heredity<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why is early diagnosis crucial in Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?<br>has.&nbsp;To avoid permanent deformation<br>b.&nbsp;To promote normal growth<br>c.&nbsp;To reduce the risk of complications<br>d.&nbsp;All previous answers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main consequence of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease on the femoral head?<br>has.&nbsp;Osteophytes<br>b.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis<br>c.&nbsp;Bone fragmentation<br>d.&nbsp;Joint space reduction<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the possible answers for each question:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Who first described Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All previous answers (Arthur Thornton Legg, Jacques Calv\u00e9, Georg Clemens Perthes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main characteristic of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Respond to.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis of the femoral head<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At what age does Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease usually appear in children?&nbsp;Answer: c.&nbsp;9-12 years old<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main goal of treatment for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All of the above (Relieve pain, restore vascularity, minimize lameness)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: c.&nbsp;Initial, fragmentation, reconstruction, healing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the role of osteopathy in the treatment of disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All previous answers (Strengthen muscles, improve mobility, facilitate the healing process)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the characteristic radiographic sign seen in advanced stages of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: c.&nbsp;Crescent sign<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the risk factors for Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All previous answers (Age, gender, heredity)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why is early diagnosis crucial in Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease?&nbsp;Answer: d.&nbsp;All of the above (Avoid permanent deformity, promote normal growth, reduce risk of complications)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the main consequence of Legg-Perthes-Calv\u00e9 disease on the femoral head?&nbsp;Answer: b.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Questionnaire <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Petek D, Hannouche D, Suva D. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: pathophysiology and current concepts of treatment.&nbsp;EFORT Open Rev.&nbsp;2019 Mar;4(3):85-97.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6440301\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30993010\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gold M, Munjal A, Varacallo M. StatPearls [Internet].&nbsp;Stat Pearls Publishing;&nbsp;Treasure Island (FL): Jul 31, 2021. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Hip Joint.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29262200\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Itokazu M, Takahashi K, Matsunaga T, Hayakawa D, Emura S, Isono H, Shoumura S. A study of the arterial supply of the human acetabulum using a corrosion casting method.&nbsp;Clin Anat.&nbsp;1997;10(2):77-81.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9058012\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Narayanan A, Khanchandani P, Borkar RM, Ambati CR, Roy A, Han Biochemical, Electron Microscopic and Histopathological Characterization.&nbsp;SciRep.&nbsp;2017 Sep 06;7(1):10721.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5587540\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28878383\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baig SA, Baig MN.&nbsp;<strong>Osteonecrosis<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;of the Femoral Head: Etiology, Investigations, and Management.&nbsp;Cureus.&nbsp;2018 Aug 21;10(8):e3171.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6197539\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30357068\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xie XH, Wang XL, Yang HL, Zhao DW, Qin L. Steroid-associated osteonecrosis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, animal model, prevention, and potential treatments (an overview).&nbsp;J Orthop Translat.&nbsp;2015 Apr;3(2):58-70.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5982361\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30035041\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jaffr\u00e9 C, Rochefort GY.&nbsp;Alcohol-induced osteonecrosis\u2013dose and duration effects.&nbsp;Int J Exp Pathol.&nbsp;2012 Feb;93(1):78-9;&nbsp;author reply 79. [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3311024\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22264288\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adesina O, Brunson A, Keegan THM, Wun T.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Osteonecrosis<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;of the femoral head in sickle cell disease: prevalence, comorbidities, and surgical outcomes in California.&nbsp;Blood Adv.&nbsp;2017 Jul 11;1(16):1287-1295.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5728545\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29296770\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mok MY, Farewell VT, Isenberg DA.&nbsp;Risk factors for&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>avascular necrosis<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;of bone in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: is there a role for antiphospholipid antibodies?&nbsp;Ann Rheum Dis.&nbsp;2000 Jun;59(6):462-7.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1753161\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10834864\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mills S, Burroughs KE.&nbsp;StatPearls [Internet].&nbsp;Stat Pearls Publishing;&nbsp;Treasure Island (FL): Jul 13, 2021. Legg Calve Perthes Disease.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30020602\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rampal V, Cl\u00e9ment JL, Solla F. Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes disease: classifications and prognostic factors.&nbsp;Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab.&nbsp;2017 Jan-Apr;14(1):74-82.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5505718\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28740529\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tripathy SK, Goyal T, Sen RK.&nbsp;Management of femoral head osteonecrosis: Current concepts.&nbsp;Indian J Orthop.&nbsp;2015 Jan-Feb;49(1):28-45.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4292325\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25593355\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moya-Angeler J, Gianakos AL, Villa JC, Ni A, Lane JM.&nbsp;Current concepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.&nbsp;World J Orthop.&nbsp;2015 Sep 18;6(8):590-601.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4573503\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26396935\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hofmann S, Kramer J, Plenk H. [&nbsp;<strong>Osteonecrosis<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;of the hip in adults].&nbsp;Orthopad.&nbsp;2005 Feb;34(2):171-83;&nbsp;quiz 184. [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15714357\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ikeuchi K, Hasegawa Y, Seki T, Takegami Y, Amano T, Ishiguro N. Epidemiology of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Japan.&nbsp;Mod Rheumatol.&nbsp;2015 Mar;25(2):278-81.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25036228\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vardhan H, Tripathy SK, Sen RK, Aggarwal S, Goyal T. Epidemiological Profile of Femoral Head&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Osteonecrosis<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;in the North Indian Population.&nbsp;Indian J Orthop.&nbsp;2018 Mar-Apr;52(2):140-146.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5858207\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29576641\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arbab D, K\u00f6nig DP.&nbsp;Atraumatic Femoral Head Necrosis in Adults.&nbsp;Dtsch Arztebl Int.&nbsp;2016 Jan 22;113(3):31-8.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4748149\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26857510\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karim R, Goel KD.&nbsp;Avascular necrosis of the hip in a 41-year-old male: a case study.&nbsp;J Can Chiropractic Assoc.&nbsp;2004 Jun;48(2):137-41.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1840046\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17549225\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mangla A, Ehsan M, Agarwal N, Maruvada S. StatPearls [Internet].&nbsp;Stat Pearls Publishing;&nbsp;Treasure Island (FL): May 14, 2022. Sickle Cell Anemia.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29489205\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zabinski SJ, Sculco TP, Dicarlo EF, Rivelis M. Osteonecrosis in the rheumatoid femoral head.&nbsp;J Rheumatol.&nbsp;1998 Sep;25(9):1674-80.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9733445\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mukisi-Mukaza M, Gomez-Brouchet A, Donkerwolcke M, Hinsenkamp M, Burny F. Histopathology of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in sickle cell disease.&nbsp;Int Orthop.&nbsp;2011 Aug;35(8):1145-50.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3167438\/\">PMC free article<\/a>&nbsp;] [&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20830473\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zlotorowicz M, Czubak J, Kozinski P, Boguslawska-Walecka R. Imaging the vascularization of the femoral head by CT angiography.&nbsp;J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012 Sep;94(9):1176-9.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22933487\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hsu H, Nallamothu SV.&nbsp;StatPearls [Internet].&nbsp;Stat Pearls Publishing;&nbsp;Treasure Island (FL): Apr 30, 2022. Hip Osteonecrosis.&nbsp;[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29763129\">PubMed<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legg-Perthes-Calve disease is a painful condition that occurs when the blood supply to the head of the femur is interrupted. Because bone cells need a steady supply of blood to stay healthy, osteonecrosis can eventually lead to destruction of the cartilage in the femoral head and severe arthritis. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","iawp_total_views":18,"footnotes":""},"categories":[239,229,611,612],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31510","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-circulatory-system","8":"category-hip","9":"category-preschooler","10":"category-school-age-child"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31510"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31510\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}