{"id":66104,"date":"2026-10-12T07:54:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T12:54:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/?p=66104"},"modified":"2026-10-12T07:54:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T12:54:46","slug":"eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/","title":{"rendered":"Eagle Syndrome: When the Styloid Process Contributes to Throat Pain"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Connecting_anatomy_with_symptoms_and_recognising_urgent_situations\" >Connecting anatomy with symptoms and recognising urgent situations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Understanding_the_styloid_region\" >Understanding the styloid region<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Possible_symptoms_that_are_not_specific_to_this_syndrome\" >Possible symptoms that are not specific to this syndrome<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Vascular_forms_maintaining_proportionate_vigilance\" >Vascular forms: maintaining proportionate vigilance<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Signs_requiring_urgent_help\" >Signs requiring urgent help<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#How_is_the_diagnosis_established\" >How is the diagnosis established?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#What_can_be_done_while_assessment_is_underway\" >What can be done while assessment is underway?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#What_role_can_osteopathy_play\" >What role can osteopathy play?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Surgery_a_decision_based_on_clinical_concordance\" >Surgery: a decision based on clinical concordance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Follow-up_guided_by_everyday_function\" >Follow-up guided by everyday function<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#Osteopathic_support_plan_key_points\" >Osteopathic support plan: key points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/eagle-syndrome-styloid-process-throat-pain\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Connecting_anatomy_with_symptoms_and_recognising_urgent_situations\"><\/span>Connecting anatomy with symptoms and recognising urgent situations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Persistent pain in the throat, beneath the jaw or towards the ear may sometimes be related to the styloid process, a bony projection of the temporal bone. Eagle syndrome is considered when symptoms and the anatomy of this region form a coherent clinical picture. A long styloid process or an ossified stylohyoid ligament found on imaging is insufficient to establish the diagnosis. This distinction prevents a common anatomical feature from being mistaken for a demonstrated cause of pain [<a href=\"#reference-3\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-4\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">4<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>There are two priorities: investigate more common explanations for throat pain and recognise situations requiring prompt referral. The vascular forms described in the literature are rare but potentially important. They should neither be dismissed nor lead to interpreting every episode of dizziness or every headache as vascular compression [<a href=\"#reference-1\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-2\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">2<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_the_styloid_region\"><\/span>Understanding the styloid region<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The styloid process projects downwards from the base of the skull near the ear. It provides attachment for several muscles and ligaments, including the stylohyoid ligament, which runs towards the hyoid bone. This region lies close to nerves and blood vessels in the neck. Its relationships vary between individuals according to the length, orientation and distances between structures [<a href=\"#reference-3\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">3<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Length is therefore only one component of the assessment. Researchers have compared CT characteristics in symptomatic people and asymptomatic controls. Other studies have examined styloid process angulation. These findings support a broader anatomical interpretation; they do not supply a threshold that independently determines the cause of symptoms in every patient [<a href=\"#reference-5\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">5<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-6\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">6<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Ligament ossification may also change the configuration of the stylohyoid chain. Again, imaging must be related to the clinical history. Someone may have a visible abnormality without pain, whereas another person may have symptoms requiring examination of nearby structures. Diagnosis remains a process of reasoning, rather than a simple measurement on a CT scan.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/eagle-syndrome-anatomy-symptoms-en.webp\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" alt=\"Simplified illustration of the styloid process, hyoid bone and neighbouring neck structures in Eagle syndrome.\"\/><figcaption>A simplified educational illustration of relationships in the styloid region. Visible elongation or ossification alone does not establish the diagnosis.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Possible_symptoms_that_are_not_specific_to_this_syndrome\"><\/span>Possible symptoms that are not specific to this syndrome<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The so-called classic form may involve throat pain, discomfort with swallowing, a foreign-body sensation or pain radiating towards the ear and jaw. Certain movements, chewing or swallowing may change the symptoms. None of these signs is specific: they can also accompany other ear, nose and throat, dental, joint or neurological conditions [<a href=\"#reference-3\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-4\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">4<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The person should be able to describe the location, whether symptoms are continuous or intermittent, triggering circumstances and their effect on eating, sleep or activities. A recent symptom is not interpreted in the same way as longstanding, stable discomfort. Medical history and previous investigations help organise assessment without assuming that they explain everything.<\/p>\n<p>Very brief episodes of pain, discomfort mainly associated with the jaw or dental pain may suggest other possibilities. A persistent voice change, a neck lump, unexplained weight loss or progressively worsening swallowing difficulty warrants appropriate assessment. These signs should not be attributed to the styloid process before other important causes have been considered.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vascular_forms_maintaining_proportionate_vigilance\"><\/span>Vascular forms: maintaining proportionate vigilance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Published reports describe abnormal relationships between the styloid chain and certain arteries or veins. Reported arterial complications include injuries capable of producing neurological symptoms. Venous forms sometimes involve a reduced space between the styloid process and the first cervical vertebra. These mechanisms require suitable expertise and imaging; they cannot be inferred from an isolated symptom [<a href=\"#reference-2\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-7\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">7<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>A large recent synthesis of neurological presentations brings together published cases and demonstrates their diversity. Proportions observed in such a collection do not represent the frequency of vascular forms in the general population. Complex or surgically treated cases may be more likely to be published than asymptomatic incidental findings [<a href=\"#reference-1\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">1<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Signs_requiring_urgent_help\"><\/span>Signs requiring urgent help<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sudden weakness on one side, new difficulty speaking, abrupt loss of vision or another sudden neurological deficit requires calling emergency services, even if the symptom disappears. Unusual, severe neck or head pain accompanied by neurological signs also requires urgent care. Do not repeatedly move the neck to see whether these symptoms return.<\/p>\n<p>Breathing difficulty, inability to swallow saliva or rapidly worsening swallowing also changes the priority. Support intended to improve comfort must not delay assessment. These instructions are based on the seriousness of the symptoms, regardless of whether Eagle syndrome is known or suspected.<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background:#12344d;color:white;padding:12px;text-align:left\">Situation<\/th>\n<th style=\"background:#12344d;color:white;padding:12px;text-align:left\">Cautious interpretation<\/th>\n<th style=\"background:#12344d;color:white;padding:12px;text-align:left\">Referral or next step<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Long styloid process without symptoms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Possibly an incidental finding [<a href=\"#reference-3\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-5\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">5<\/a>]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Do not decide on treatment from the measurement alone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Throat, jaw or ear pain<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">A non-specific clinical picture [<a href=\"#reference-4\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">4<\/a>]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Assess ENT and dental causes and other possibilities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Sudden neurological change<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">An urgent cause must be investigated.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Call emergency services even if the sign disappears.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Suspected abnormal vascular relationship<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">A specialist question [<a href=\"#reference-2\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-7\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">7<\/a>]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Imaging and expertise tailored to the symptoms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Persistent discomfort with clinical concordance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Discussion of specialist management [<a href=\"#reference-8\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">8<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-10\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">10<\/a>]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #d7e0e5;vertical-align:top\">Compare potential benefits, limitations and risks individually.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><small>Clinical guide \u2014 Osteomag. This table does not replace individual assessment.<\/small><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_the_diagnosis_established\"><\/span>How is the diagnosis established?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Clinical assessment examines the symptoms and competing explanations. Depending on the presentation, it may require ENT, maxillofacial, neurological or vascular expertise. Examination of the mouth, throat, ears, neck and neurological function is adapted to the question being investigated. Locally provoked pain is not, by itself, proof of causation [<a href=\"#reference-3\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-4\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">4<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>CT and three-dimensional reconstructions can clarify the length, orientation and bony relationships. When vascular involvement is suspected, the specialist may request a relevant vascular investigation. The choice depends on the clinical signs; additional investigation is not automatically necessary for every finding of an elongated styloid process [<a href=\"#reference-4\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">4<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-5\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">5<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Some anatomical questions concern available space more than absolute length. The publication describing styloid\u2013C1 juxtaposition illustrates this possibility in particular cases. It does not establish that a headache or a sense of pressure necessarily represents venous obstruction. A competent team must determine whether this relationship is clinically relevant [<a href=\"#reference-7\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">7<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Trying to locate the styloid process yourself by applying deep pressure inside the throat or neck is not recommended. Repeating a position that triggers unusual symptoms does not make the diagnosis more reliable. Any positional assessments belong in specialist care when they are genuinely indicated.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_can_be_done_while_assessment_is_underway\"><\/span>What can be done while assessment is underway?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Advice depends on the symptoms and the instructions received. When the situation is stable, a simple record can document the location of pain, triggering activities and effects on swallowing or chewing. It is useful to report exactly what is new, rather than recording only an overall pain score.<\/p>\n<p>Temporarily adapting activities that clearly provoke discomfort may improve comfort. This should not lead to accumulating restrictions without explanation or abandoning all activity for a prolonged period. If the specialist advises against certain movements or positions, those instructions take precedence over a general exercise programme.<\/p>\n<p>Difficulty eating or drinking should be reported promptly. A persistent change in food intake, weight loss or dehydration should not be treated as minor inconveniences to endure while waiting. Management should address the practical consequences of symptoms as well as the interpretation of scans.<\/p>\n<p>Longstanding pain can also become worrying and exhausting. Taking this experience seriously does not require attributing every symptom to the styloid process. Explaining what is confirmed, what remains uncertain and what will be reassessed can reduce confusion and improve collaboration between professionals.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_role_can_osteopathy_play\"><\/span>What role can osteopathy play?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Once concerning causes have been assessed and the situation permits, cautious support may address comfort, movement habits and associated jaw or neck tension. These objectives concern functional difficulties. They must remain compatible with the restrictions and recommendations of the team responsible for care.<\/p>\n<p>There is no strong evidence that osteopathy shortens the styloid process, reverses ligament ossification or treats a vascular complication. Specific studies mainly concern anatomy, diagnosis and outcomes of specialist management. They do not validate an osteopathic method for correcting the syndrome [<a href=\"#reference-1\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-3\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-4\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">4<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Support should avoid deep pressure over the front or side of the neck and repeated extreme positions that reproduce concerning symptoms. It must not attempt to demonstrate compression by provoking faintness, a visual disturbance or a neurological symptom. The appearance of such signs calls for appropriate referral rather than continuation of the consultation.<\/p>\n<p>A useful objective may be to tolerate a permitted activity more comfortably or understand how to adjust a troublesome demand. Lack of improvement should prompt review of the plan. Repeated consultations do not replace specialist discussion when symptoms remain significant or the diagnosis is uncertain.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Surgery_a_decision_based_on_clinical_concordance\"><\/span>Surgery: a decision based on clinical concordance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Styloidectomy involves shortening or removing the implicated part of the styloid chain, depending on the case. Approaches through the mouth or through a neck incision have been described. The choice depends on anatomy, the clinical presentation, nearby structures and the team&#8217;s experience. An asymptomatic imaging abnormality does not automatically justify an operation [<a href=\"#reference-4\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">4<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-8\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">8<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>A large recent surgical series reported improvements in selected patients. Other retrospective studies examined outcomes following a cervical approach and changes in quality of life. These observations inform discussion, but their retrospective design and lack of robust comparison limit conclusions. Average improvement within a series does not guarantee another person&#8217;s outcome [<a href=\"#reference-8\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">8<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-9\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">9<\/a>, <a href=\"#reference-10\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">10<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The synthesis of published outcomes also suggests benefit in many treated cases, while relying substantially on non-randomised data. Decisions should take this uncertainty, procedural risks and the likelihood that symptoms truly relate to the styloid region into account [<a href=\"#reference-1\" style=\"color:#1565c0\">1<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Before surgery, the person should understand which symptoms may improve, what limitations may remain and how recovery will be organised. Pain with several contributing components may persist partly even after an anatomical conflict has been treated. This possibility deserves a clear explanation when discussing expectations.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Follow-up_guided_by_everyday_function\"><\/span>Follow-up guided by everyday function<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After an intervention, the surgical team&#8217;s instructions determine the return to eating, movement and other activities. Changes in voice, swallowing, pain and mobility should be monitored according to the proposed plan. No general timetable replaces these individual instructions.<\/p>\n<p>When surgery is not selected, follow-up still helps document symptom stability and review adaptations. Improved comfort does not prove that bone length has changed. Conversely, new discomfort should not automatically be attributed to the same mechanism without reassessment.<\/p>\n<p>Eagle syndrome requires careful interpretation of the relationship between anatomy and symptoms. An impressive scan may show an incidental finding; a concerning symptom may require urgent attention even without a confirmed diagnosis. Appropriate referral depends on coherent assessment, realistic functional goals and clear communication about the limits of current knowledge.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Osteopathic_support_plan_key_points\"><\/span>Osteopathic support plan: key points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Relate symptoms to anatomy without diagnosing from length alone.<\/li>\n<li>Call emergency services for a sudden neurological deficit.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid deep neck pressure and provoking concerning symptoms.<\/li>\n<li>Respect the responsible team&#8217;s instructions and individual restrictions.<\/li>\n<li>Address associated comfort without promising to correct ossification or vascular involvement.<\/li>\n<li>Monitor swallowing, voice and activities, and refer again if the situation changes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none;padding-left:0\">\n<li id=\"reference-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38948209\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a> Neurological phenotypes and treatment outcomes in Eagle syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID: 38948209.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39406633\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a> Eagle syndrome and vascular complications\u2014a systematic review. PMID: 39406633.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22638594\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a> Eagle\u2019s syndrome: embryology, anatomy, and clinical management. PMID: 22638594.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28527976\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a> Eagle syndrome: A comprehensive review. PMID: 28527976.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25917666\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a> Conventional and 3-Dimensional Computerized Tomography in Eagle\u2019s Syndrome, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, and Asymptomatic Controls. PMID: 25917666.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28192866\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a> The importance of medial-lateral styloid process angulation\/coronal plane angle in symptomatic eagle syndrome. PMID: 28192866.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25726731\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a> Styloid\/C1 transverse process juxtaposition as a cause of Eagle\u2019s syndrome. PMID: 25726731.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39071203\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a> Eagle syndrome presentation and outcomes in a large surgical case series. PMID: 39071203.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39518548\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a> Outcomes of Elongated Styloid Process Syndrome Treated with Minimally Invasive Cervical Styloidectomy (MICS)\u2014A Single-Center Retrospective Study. PMID: 39518548.<\/li>\n<li id=\"reference-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36174663\/\" style=\"color:#1565c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a> Does Transcervical Styloidectomy for Eagle Syndrome Improve Quality of Life? PMID: 36174663.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An elongated styloid process does not by itself establish Eagle syndrome. Explore the relationship between anatomy and throat, jaw or ear pain, the role of imaging, important warning signs and the evidence supporting specialist care and realistic functional goals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":62924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-tete"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66104"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66129,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66104\/revisions\/66129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}