{"id":67203,"date":"2026-10-14T19:41:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T00:41:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/?p=67203"},"modified":"2026-10-14T19:41:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T00:41:31","slug":"psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychosomatic osteopathy: body, stress and symptoms \u2014 what science allows us to say"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#Connecting_the_body_and_lived_experience_without_reading_emotions_in_tissues\" >Connecting the body and lived experience without reading emotions in tissues<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#%E2%80%9CPsychosomatic%E2%80%9D_does_not_mean_%E2%80%9Cimaginary%E2%80%9D\" >\u201cPsychosomatic\u201d does not mean \u201cimaginary\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#Stress_trauma_and_sensitivity_distinguishing_levels_of_evidence\" >Stress, trauma and sensitivity: distinguishing levels of evidence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#%E2%80%9CBody_memory%E2%80%9D_a_metaphor_that_must_be_identified_as_such\" >\u201cBody memory\u201d: a metaphor that must be identified as such<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#Observing_without_imposing_an_interpretation\" >Observing without imposing an interpretation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#Can_touch_influence_stress\" >Can touch influence stress?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#Persistent_pain_and_functional_disorders\" >Persistent pain and functional disorders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#When_an_emotion_appears_during_a_session\" >When an emotion appears during a session<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#A_realistic_role_for_osteopathy\" >A realistic role for osteopathy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#When_to_refer_rather_than_continue_manual_care_alone\" >When to refer rather than continue manual care alone<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#Key_points\" >Key points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/psychosomatic-osteopathy-body-stress-and-symptoms-what-science-allows-us-to-say\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"osteomag-a0\" lang=\"en\">\n<style>.osteomag-a0 img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.osteomag-a0 figure{margin:1.5em auto;text-align:center}.osteomag-a0 figcaption{font-size:.92em;line-height:1.5;margin-top:.5em}.osteomag-a0 table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.94em;line-height:1.45}.osteomag-a0 td,.osteomag-a0 th{padding:.65em;border:1px solid #ccd4dc;vertical-align:top}.osteomag-a0 th{background:#eef3f7}.osteomag-a0 .osteomag-references{list-style-type:disc;padding-left:1.4em}.osteomag-a0 .osteomag-references li{margin-bottom:.6em;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.osteomag-a0 .osteomag-cite{color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline!important}<\/style>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Connecting_the_body_and_lived_experience_without_reading_emotions_in_tissues\"><\/span>Connecting the body and lived experience without reading emotions in tissues<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The body and psychological state continually influence each other. Stress can change sleep, breathing, digestion, muscle tone and pain perception. Persistent pain can, in turn, increase vigilance and affect mood. Recognizing these interactions is compatible with contemporary medicine. It does not mean that a symptom has a hidden emotional meaning that a practitioner can \u201cread\u201d in the tissues. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The expression <em>psychosomatic osteopathy<\/em> may describe a practice attentive to physical symptoms, life context and behavior. In this article, it does not describe either a validated method for treating psychological disorders or a specialty that can diagnose trauma through touch. An osteopath can listen, assess a musculoskeletal component and offer support within their competence. They must also recognize when another professional is needed.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CPsychosomatic%E2%80%9D_does_not_mean_%E2%80%9Cimaginary%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u201cPsychosomatic\u201d does not mean \u201cimaginary\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pain, fatigue and digestive symptoms are real experiences, even when investigations show no lesion explaining their full intensity. Persistent physical symptoms may follow an illness, injury, infection or distressing event, and sometimes appear without an identified trigger. Their persistence may involve biological mechanisms, attention, expectations, sleep, learning and social conditions. A multifactorial explanation avoids an artificial opposition between the \u201cphysical\u201d and the \u201cpsychological.\u201d <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>A person may have a diagnosed disease alongside contextual factors that modulate their experience. The biopsychosocial model therefore does not justify replacing medical diagnosis with an emotional interpretation. It invites us to consider more information, without accusing patients of producing their pain or not wanting to recover.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stress_trauma_and_sensitivity_distinguishing_levels_of_evidence\"><\/span>Stress, trauma and sensitivity: distinguishing levels of evidence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Acute stress mobilizes attention and may change breathing, heart rate or muscle recruitment. These responses do not follow a fixed body map. There is no validated clinical correspondence that systematically links shoulders to responsibility, the diaphragm to fear or the pelvis to an intimate conflict. Two people exposed to a similar situation may respond differently.<\/p>\n<p>A meta-analysis of 48 experimental studies found a small average association between traumatic experiences and increased pain sensitivity in the laboratory. This finding concerns groups and particular tasks: it cannot identify trauma in an individual or attribute their pain to a single psychological cause. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-3\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> Another review found associations between some psychological factors and somatic symptom disorder, but longitudinal data remain limited. Association, prediction and causation are not interchangeable. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-9\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The term <em>central sensitization<\/em> also requires precision. A critical review emphasizes that reported or clinically measured sensitivity does not, on its own, demonstrate a causal neurophysiological mechanism. This caution does not deny pain: it avoids turning an explanatory hypothesis into a universal diagnosis. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-4\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CBody_memory%E2%80%9D_a_metaphor_that_must_be_identified_as_such\"><\/span>\u201cBody memory\u201d: a metaphor that must be identified as such<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The nervous system learns. A threatening experience may influence expectations, attention and movement habits without a conscious memory accompanying every reaction. The expression \u201cbody memory\u201d can illustrate this learning. It then remains an <strong>analogy<\/strong>, not proof that an emotion is physically stored in a muscle or fascia.<\/p>\n<p>Palpating a diaphragm does not establish bereavement; examining a pelvis does not reveal sexual trauma. If an emotion or memory arises spontaneously, the practitioner can acknowledge it without assigning it a tissue-based origin. They must not suggest a forgotten event, confirm its reality through palpation or push the person to reconstruct their history.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/238004a9-fd4d-46b2-831d-d535e9c275d0-1030x687.webp\" alt=\"Illustrative scene of a consultation attentive to the person\u2019s experience.\" width=\"1030\" height=\"687\"><figcaption>Retained consultation illustration: listening to lived experience without presuming an emotional cause.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Observing_without_imposing_an_interpretation\"><\/span>Observing without imposing an interpretation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Cautious practice starts with what is observable or reported: faster breathing, apprehension about a movement, local tenderness, restricted movement or perceived effort. Saying \u201cyour breathing becomes shallower in this position\u201d describes a phenomenon. Saying \u201cyour diaphragm is holding an old fear\u201d assigns an unproven cause. Patients remain the authority on their inner experience.<\/p>\n<p>Open questions are often enough: \u201cWhat do you feel?\u201d, \u201cDoes this movement seem easier?\u201d, \u201cWould you like to continue?\u201d We can observe a change without immediately deciding what it means. The body \u201cspeaks\u201d here in a descriptive sense: a painful shoulder tells us about a current experience, not a universal symbolic dictionary.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter wp-image-67224\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-50211-1-lot19-en-a3.webp\" alt=\"A patient describes discomfort, then explores a movement with a practitioner.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:auto\"\/><figcaption>Describing an observable response does not identify a hidden emotion. Osteomag educational visual.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"osteomag-table-wrap\" style=\"overflow-x:auto\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Level of statement<\/th>\n<th>Example<\/th>\n<th>Boundary to respect<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Observation<\/td>\n<td>A movement seems less uncomfortable.<\/td>\n<td>Check with the person and reassess.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Clinical hypothesis<\/td>\n<td>Apprehension could contribute to avoidance.<\/td>\n<td>Do not exclude a medical cause.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Author&#8217;s analogy<\/td>\n<td>The body seems to be \u201cprotecting itself.\u201d<\/td>\n<td>Do not infer a hidden emotion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Unestablished claim<\/td>\n<td>A fascia supposedly contains a specific memory.<\/td>\n<td>Do not present it as a diagnosis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_touch_influence_stress\"><\/span>Can touch influence stress?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Touch may feel comfortable, neutral or unpleasant depending on the person and context. Research examines its effects on autonomic, respiratory and psychological parameters. A 2024 review brings together heterogeneous trials; the changes observed do not establish a single reproducible mechanism in every patient. A physiological variation is not equivalent to a nervous-system \u201creset.\u201d <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-5\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>A 2025 meta-analysis of 20 randomized trials of osteopathic or related manual interventions found a favorable signal in depression scores immediately after intervention. Estimates remain uncertain and results heterogeneous. The increase in skin conductance also observed must not be relabeled as evidence of relaxation or parasympathetic activation. These data do not demonstrate lasting treatment of depression, trauma or an anxiety disorder through manual care. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-6\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Persistent_pain_and_functional_disorders\"><\/span>Persistent pain and functional disorders<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pain is not a simple reading of the mechanical state of tissues. Sleep, activity, expectations, mental health and context may contribute to its expression. This does not erase osteoarthritis, neuropathy or inflammatory disease. Psychological approaches to pain have their own place, delivered by appropriately qualified professionals. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-7\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> A Cochrane review found small to very small average benefits of cognitive behavioral therapies for certain dimensions of chronic pain; this does not mean the pain is invented. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-10\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The proposed term <em>functional somatic disorders<\/em> seeks a neutral position between historically separated categories of physical disease and mental disorders. Diagnosis rests on clinical characteristics and consideration of differential diagnoses, not an isolated normal imaging result. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Research also shows overlaps between some functional syndromes, without justifying treating them as one disease or attributing them to a common emotional cause. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-8\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The gut and brain illustrate a two-way relationship. Stress can modify digestive symptoms without being their only cause. Pleasant abdominal contact proves neither that internal organs have been repositioned nor that a functional disorder has been corrected. Persistent symptoms need appropriate assessment and, depending on the case, medical, nutritional or psychological support. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_an_emotion_appears_during_a_session\"><\/span>When an emotion appears during a session<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Crying, sighing, laughing or mild trembling can occur in many contexts. Such a reaction does not demonstrate \u201csomato-emotional release.\u201d The practitioner can slow down, allow silence, explain what they are doing and check whether the person wants to continue. Consent is ongoing: agreeing to care does not mean agreeing to every intervention or having to describe an intimate experience.<\/p>\n<p>Significant distress, intrusive memories, severe anxiety or depressive symptoms warrant specific assessment. An immediate safety risk requires appropriate urgent help. An osteopath does not act as a psychotherapist and must not present body-focused care as a substitute for that care.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter wp-image-67227\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-50211-2-lot19-en-a3.webp\" alt=\"Explanation of care, the option of a pause and discussion of referral.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" style=\"display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:auto\"\/><figcaption>Consent and professional boundaries take priority over emotional interpretation. Osteomag educational visual.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_realistic_role_for_osteopathy\"><\/span>A realistic role for osteopathy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When a musculoskeletal component is present, goals may include comfort, better tolerance of movement and participation in an important activity. Touch or movement exploration may be adjuncts, with variable effects. Their value should be judged through function and the person&#8217;s experience, not the supposed discovery of an emotion-laden fascia.<\/p>\n<p>A respectful relationship involves understandable explanations and shared goals. For example, a daily movement can be chosen, obstacles to performing it noted and progress reassessed after a jointly agreed period. If benefits remain brief, insufficient or dependent on repeated sessions, the plan should be discussed rather than justified by a persistent emotional blockage. Coordination with a physician, physiotherapist or psychologist may be more appropriate. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-7\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_to_refer_rather_than_continue_manual_care_alone\"><\/span>When to refer rather than continue manual care alone<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A new, unusual or progressive symptom warrants reassessment. Neurological weakness, fever, bleeding, unexplained weight loss or general deterioration must not be explained by stress without appropriate investigation. Chest pain with shortness of breath, faintness or another concerning sign calls for urgent assessment. The emotional intensity of a consultation never rules out a medical cause.<\/p>\n<p>Interdisciplinary care avoids two pitfalls: endlessly multiplying investigations that are not indicated, or attributing symptoms to psychological factors too quickly. Each professional works within their scope, without asking the person to choose between a supposedly separate body and mind. <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-50211-en-2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_points\"><\/span>Key points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A mind\u2013body approach can remain humane and rigorous: observe without interpreting, validate without inventing, address relevant components and refer when necessary. Established knowledge about body\u2013context interactions does not justify reading trauma in a tissue. Hypotheses must be identified and analogies recognized as such. A good therapeutic encounter does not require turning an experience of care into scientific proof.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references-50211-en\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"osteomag-references\" style=\"list-style-type:disc\">\n<li id=\"ref-50211-en-1\">[1] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38879263\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u00f6we B, Toussaint A, Rosmalen JGM et al. Persistent physical symptoms: definition, genesis, and management. Lancet. 2024;403(10444):2649-2662. doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00623-8.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-50211-en-2\">[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32122350\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Burton C, Fink P, Henningsen P et al. Functional somatic disorders: discussion paper for a new common classification for research and clinical use. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):34. doi:10.1186\/s12916-020-1505-4.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-50211-en-3\">[3] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36524769\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nanavaty N, Thompson CG, Meagher MW et al. Traumatic Life Experience and Pain Sensitization: Meta-analysis of Laboratory Findings. Clin J Pain. 2023;39(1):15-28. doi:10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001082.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-50211-en-4\">[4] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39278607\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Velasco E, Flores-Cort\u00e9s M, Guerra-Armas J et al. Is chronic pain caused by central sensitization? A review and critical point of view. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024;167:105886. doi:10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105886.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-50211-en-5\">[5] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38660420\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St\u0119pnik J, Czaprowski D, K\u0119dra A. Effect of manual osteopathic techniques on the autonomic nervous system, respiratory system function and head-cervical-shoulder complex-a systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1358529. doi:10.3389\/fmed.2024.1358529.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-50211-en-6\">[6] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39920074\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gordon TC, Hope-Bell J, Draper-Rodi J et al. Effects of manual osteopathic interventions on psychometric and psychophysiological indicators of anxiety, depression and stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. 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J Psychosom Res. 2024;181:111608. doi:10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2024.111608.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-50211-en-10\">[10] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32794606\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Williams ACC, Fisher E, Hearn L et al. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;8(8):CD007407. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD007407.pub4.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Links between stress, lived experience and symptoms are real, but do not allow emotions to be read in tissues. This article distinguishes knowledge, hypotheses and analogies, sets out the limits of manual care and explains when appropriate referral is needed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-osteopathie"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67203"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67284,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67203\/revisions\/67284"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}