{"id":67450,"date":"2026-10-14T22:48:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T03:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/?p=67450"},"modified":"2026-10-14T22:48:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T03:48:51","slug":"after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/","title":{"rendered":"After a Mastectomy: Shoulder Stiffness, Scars and Chest Wall Pain\u2014What Is the Role of Osteopathy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Restoring_arm_function_while_respecting_surgical_and_oncology_follow-up\" >Restoring arm function while respecting surgical and oncology follow-up<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_can_the_shoulder_become_stiff_after_breast_surgery\" >Why can the shoulder become stiff after breast surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#What_does_exercise_evidence_show\" >What does exercise evidence show?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_is_early_movement_important\" >Why is early movement important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Can_manual_treatment_help\" >Can manual treatment help?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_can_a_scar_remain_sensitive\" >Why can a scar remain sensitive?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Does_an_%E2%80%98adherent_scar_necessarily_need_deep_work\" >Does an &#8216;adherent&#8217; scar necessarily need deep work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#When_does_scar_work_become_reasonable\" >When does scar work become reasonable?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#What_is_post-breast_surgery_pain_syndrome\" >What is post-breast surgery pain syndrome?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_does_burning_or_electric_pain_change_the_assessment\" >Why does burning or electric pain change the assessment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Can_massage_%E2%80%98repair_a_nerve\" >Can massage &#8216;repair&#8217; a nerve?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#What_is_axillary_cording\" >What is axillary cording?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_does_lymphoedema_matter\" >Why does lymphoedema matter?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Should_a_swollen_arm_automatically_be_massaged\" >Should a swollen arm automatically be massaged?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#When_should_infection_be_considered\" >When should infection be considered?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#What_is_the_role_of_lymphatic_drainage\" >What is the role of lymphatic drainage?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_can_breathing_be_restricted_after_surgery\" >Why can breathing be restricted after surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#What_is_the_role_of_rib-focused_work\" >What is the role of rib-focused work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_can_reconstruction_change_care\" >Why can reconstruction change care?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#What_about_abdominal_flap_reconstruction\" >What about abdominal flap reconstruction?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_should_strength_be_assessed\" >Why should strength be assessed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Which_exercises_are_useful\" >Which exercises are useful?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Should_the_operated_arm_remain_protected_indefinitely\" >Should the operated arm remain protected indefinitely?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_can_fear_of_lymphoedema_limit_activity\" >Why can fear of lymphoedema limit activity?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#When_should_pain_raise_concern_about_recurrence_or_another_medical_problem\" >When should pain raise concern about recurrence or another medical problem?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_should_palpation_remain_cautious\" >Why should palpation remain cautious?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#How_can_change_be_retested\" >How can change be retested?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_is_function_more_important_than_a_%E2%80%98softer_scar\" >Why is function more important than a &#8216;softer&#8217; scar?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#What_is_the_role_of_osteopathy\" >What is the role of osteopathy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#A_useful_explanation_for_the_patient\" >A useful explanation for the patient<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_does_armpit_pain_deserve_particular_attention\" >Why does armpit pain deserve particular attention?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_does_restoring_shoulder_blade_movement_matter\" >Why does restoring shoulder blade movement matter?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Should_loading_with_the_arm_on_the_operated_side_be_avoided\" >Should loading with the arm on the operated side be avoided?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Why_should_an_osteopath_ask_whether_radiotherapy_was_performed\" >Why should an osteopath ask whether radiotherapy was performed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/after-a-mastectomy-shoulder-stiffness-scars-and-chest-wall-pain-what-is-the-role-of-osteopathy\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"osteomag-a0\" lang=\"en\">\n<style>.osteomag-a0 img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.osteomag-a0 figure{text-align:center;margin:1.5em auto}.osteomag-a0 figcaption{font-size:.92em;line-height:1.5}.osteomag-a0 table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.94em;line-height:1.45}.osteomag-a0 td,.osteomag-a0 th{padding:.65em;border:1px solid #ccd4dc;vertical-align:top}.osteomag-a0 th{background:#eef3f7}.osteomag-a0 caption{text-align:left;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.5em}.osteomag-a0 .osteomag-references{padding-left:1.4em;list-style-type:disc}.osteomag-a0 .osteomag-references li{margin-bottom:.6em;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.osteomag-a0 .osteomag-cite{color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline!important}<\/style>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Restoring_arm_function_while_respecting_surgical_and_oncology_follow-up\"><\/span>Restoring arm function while respecting surgical and oncology follow-up<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After a mastectomy, lumpectomy or axillary surgery, some people develop chest wall pain, shoulder stiffness, scar hypersensitivity or fear of moving the arm. These problems are common and may persist well beyond skin healing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Osteopathy may sometimes contribute to comfort and mobility, but it treats neither cancer nor oncological complications themselves.<\/strong> The priority is to distinguish ordinary musculoskeletal limitations from lymphoedema, neuropathic pain, infection, reconstruction complications or symptoms requiring oncology advice.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en.webp\" alt=\"Three educational scenes: after breast surgery: respect healing.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" class=\"wp-image-67442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en.webp 1200w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-540x304.webp 540w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-1030x579.webp 1030w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-80x45.webp 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-747x420.webp 747w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-150x84.webp 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-696x392.webp 696w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-1-en-1068x601.webp 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>After breast surgery: respect healing. Educational illustration: these situations are not individual treatment prescriptions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_can_the_shoulder_become_stiff_after_breast_surgery\"><\/span>Why can the shoulder become stiff after breast surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Several factors may combine:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>postoperative pain;<\/li>\n<li>protecting the arm;<\/li>\n<li>a chest or axillary scar;<\/li>\n<li>lymph node dissection;<\/li>\n<li>radiotherapy;<\/li>\n<li>relative immobilization;<\/li>\n<li>fear of pulling on the wound;<\/li>\n<li>deconditioning;<\/li>\n<li>breast reconstruction, depending on the technique used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The limitation is therefore not necessarily caused by a single &#8216;adhesion&#8217; that a practitioner could release in one session.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_does_exercise_evidence_show\"><\/span>What does exercise evidence show?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A 2024 meta-analysis involving more than 2,000 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery found that exercise significantly improved flexion, abduction and upper-limb function.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Active rehabilitation therefore has a stronger evidence base than reliance on manual treatment alone.<\/p>\n<p>The PROSPER trial also supports a structured programme after surgery without reconstruction in patients at risk of arm limitations. Its findings do not define the appropriate timing after every reconstruction.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_early_movement_important\"><\/span>Why is early movement important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When compatible with surgical guidance, gradually resuming arm movements helps avoid lasting loss of range.<\/p>\n<p>However, the pace depends on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the type of surgery;<\/li>\n<li>the presence of drains;<\/li>\n<li>reconstruction;<\/li>\n<li>the wound&#8217;s condition;<\/li>\n<li>the surgical team&#8217;s recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_manual_treatment_help\"><\/span>Can manual treatment help?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Possibly, as an adjunct. A review of shoulder treatments after breast cancer care reports several rehabilitation strategies, including exercise, stretching and manual techniques.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-3\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p>However, evidence for specific manual interventions is much less robust than that for exercise.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_can_a_scar_remain_sensitive\"><\/span>Why can a scar remain sensitive?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A scar extends through skin, subcutaneous tissue and sometimes deeper structures. After surgery, it may involve:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hypersensitivity;<\/li>\n<li>numbness;<\/li>\n<li>pulling sensations;<\/li>\n<li>neuropathic pain;<\/li>\n<li>reduced local tissue gliding;<\/li>\n<li>discomfort from clothing contact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_an_%E2%80%98adherent_scar_necessarily_need_deep_work\"><\/span>Does an &#8216;adherent&#8217; scar necessarily need deep work?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>No.<\/p>\n<p>Sensitivity may be neuropathic or related to protective responses. Early deep pressure may increase symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>Progression can start with self-touch, light contact, gentle skin movement and active arm movement.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_does_scar_work_become_reasonable\"><\/span>When does scar work become reasonable?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Only when the wound is closed and sufficiently healed, without infection or surgical complications, and in line with the care team&#8217;s recommendations.<\/p>\n<p>After complex reconstruction, knowing the postoperative restrictions is particularly important.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_post-breast_surgery_pain_syndrome\"><\/span>What is post-breast surgery pain syndrome?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Persistent pain after breast surgery may affect the chest wall, armpit, arm or shoulder. It may have a neuropathic component related to irritation or injury of cutaneous nerves.<\/p>\n<p>Evidence on non-pharmacological approaches to persistent post-mastectomy pain remains heterogeneous. It supports assessing the pain mechanism and providing multimodal care, without establishing the superiority of a particular manual technique.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-4\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_burning_or_electric_pain_change_the_assessment\"><\/span>Why does burning or electric pain change the assessment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Burning pain, electric shocks, allodynia or numbness suggest a neuropathic component rather than simple muscle tension.<\/p>\n<p>Strong manual pressure may be very poorly tolerated in this context.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_massage_%E2%80%98repair_a_nerve\"><\/span>Can massage &#8216;repair&#8217; a nerve?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>No.<\/p>\n<p>Touch may sometimes improve comfort or support gradual desensitization; it is not nerve regeneration.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_axillary_cording\"><\/span>What is axillary cording?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Axillary web syndrome may produce a palpable, tight cord in the armpit or arm, sometimes limiting arm elevation.<\/p>\n<p>Specialized rehabilitation may help. Practitioners should avoid abruptly forcing this cord.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-5\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Axillary cording has also been associated with a higher lymphoedema risk in a prospective cohort. This association supports monitoring, without proving that the cord alone causes swelling.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-6\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_lymphoedema_matter\"><\/span>Why does lymphoedema matter?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After lymph node surgery or radiotherapy, some people develop lymphoedema of the arm or chest wall.<\/p>\n<p>Possible signs include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>progressive swelling;<\/li>\n<li>heaviness;<\/li>\n<li>a difference in circumference;<\/li>\n<li>skin tightness;<\/li>\n<li>reduced mobility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Should_a_swollen_arm_automatically_be_massaged\"><\/span>Should a swollen arm automatically be massaged?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>No.<\/p>\n<p>New swelling must first be assessed. Lymphoedema, infection, thrombosis and other causes must be distinguished.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-7\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_should_infection_be_considered\"><\/span>When should infection be considered?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Redness, warmth, increasing pain, fever or feeling unwell may signal cellulitis or another infection.<\/p>\n<p>In this situation, manual treatment is stopped and medical assessment is required.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_role_of_lymphatic_drainage\"><\/span>What is the role of lymphatic drainage?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For diagnosed lymphoedema, manual drainage may form part of specialized care that often includes compression, exercise, skin care and education.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-8\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p>It should not be presented as &#8216;detoxification&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>The additional effect of manual drainage compared with compression alone remains uncertain and varies across studies. It replaces neither assessment of new swelling nor the other components of specialized care.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-9\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_can_breathing_be_restricted_after_surgery\"><\/span>Why can breathing be restricted after surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Chest wall pain can make deep inspiration uncomfortable. A protective posture may also reduce chest expansion.<\/p>\n<p>Gentle breathing exercises may help restore comfort and mobility without claiming to change cancer or the immune system.<\/p>\n<div class=\"osteomag-table-wrap\" style=\"overflow-x:auto\">\n<table>\n<caption>Choosing the right priority after breast surgery<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Situation<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Priority<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">What to avoid<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>A wound or reconstruction still healing<\/td>\n<td>The surgical team&#8217;s guidance<\/td>\n<td>Deep pressure or imposed stretching.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stiffness without an identified complication<\/td>\n<td>Permitted gradual mobility and exercise<\/td>\n<td>Reliance on passive care alone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>New arm swelling<\/td>\n<td>Assessment of its cause<\/td>\n<td>Automatic massage without assessment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Redness, warmth, fever or unusual chest pain<\/td>\n<td>Prompt medical advice; emergency help if faint or breathless<\/td>\n<td>Automatically attributing the symptom to the scar.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en.webp\" alt=\"Three educational scenes: regaining useful everyday movements.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" class=\"wp-image-67446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en.webp 1200w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-540x304.webp 540w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-1030x579.webp 1030w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-80x45.webp 80w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-747x420.webp 747w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-150x84.webp 150w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-696x392.webp 696w, https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/osteomag-60650-2-en-1068x601.webp 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>Regaining useful everyday movements. Educational illustration: these situations are not individual treatment prescriptions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_role_of_rib-focused_work\"><\/span>What is the role of rib-focused work?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gentle thoracic mobilization may sometimes improve mechanical discomfort, but forceful techniques over a recently operated or irradiated region should be avoided without understanding the context.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_can_reconstruction_change_care\"><\/span>Why can reconstruction change care?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Reconstructions may use implants or autologous tissue. Depending on the technique, they may involve the chest, abdomen or back.<\/p>\n<p>Practitioners must know the exact surgery and restrictions before any direct intervention.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_about_abdominal_flap_reconstruction\"><\/span>What about abdominal flap reconstruction?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The abdominal wall may also have scarring, weakness or a feeling of tightness. Progression must respect healing and prioritize a gradual functional return.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_should_strength_be_assessed\"><\/span>Why should strength be assessed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A shoulder may regain range yet remain weak. Carrying loads, overhead tasks and repetitive work require strength and endurance.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_exercises_are_useful\"><\/span>Which exercises are useful?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Depending on the stage:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>graded active elevation;<\/li>\n<li>scapular mobility;<\/li>\n<li>external rotation;<\/li>\n<li>progressive strengthening;<\/li>\n<li>functional exercises;<\/li>\n<li>aerobic activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Should_the_operated_arm_remain_protected_indefinitely\"><\/span>Should the operated arm remain protected indefinitely?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>No.<\/p>\n<p>Older, highly restrictive advice can lead to underuse of the arm. Gradual loading is generally preferable once the oncology team permits it.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-10\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_can_fear_of_lymphoedema_limit_activity\"><\/span>Why can fear of lymphoedema limit activity?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Some patients avoid carrying objects or using the arm. Yet appropriately dosed progressive exercise is part of modern rehabilitation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_should_pain_raise_concern_about_recurrence_or_another_medical_problem\"><\/span>When should pain raise concern about recurrence or another medical problem?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>New persistent, progressive or night-time bone pain, or pain associated with other symptoms, must be assessed, especially in someone with a cancer history.<\/p>\n<p>New chest pain with shortness of breath or feeling faint requires urgent help. Redness, warmth, fever or rapid swelling must not wait until the next manual treatment session.<\/p>\n<p>An osteopath must not automatically attribute every pain to the scar.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_should_palpation_remain_cautious\"><\/span>Why should palpation remain cautious?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A sensitive area may relate to scarring, a nerve, muscle, radiotherapy or hypersensitivity. Touch helps explore tolerance, but does not always precisely identify the responsible tissue.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_change_be_retested\"><\/span>How can change be retested?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Before a technique, a task can be chosen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>raising the arm;<\/li>\n<li>placing the hand behind the head;<\/li>\n<li>carrying an object;<\/li>\n<li>taking a deep breath;<\/li>\n<li>a specific activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>After the intervention, the same task is repeated.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_function_more_important_than_a_%E2%80%98softer_scar\"><\/span>Why is function more important than a &#8216;softer&#8217; scar?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The aim is for the person to dress, work, sleep and use their arm. A better texture under the fingers is useful only if it contributes to these goals.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_role_of_osteopathy\"><\/span>What is the role of osteopathy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A reasonable role includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>assessing the musculoskeletal component;<\/li>\n<li>using progressively introduced touch;<\/li>\n<li>facilitating mobility;<\/li>\n<li>supporting exercise;<\/li>\n<li>recognizing signs requiring referral.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_useful_explanation_for_the_patient\"><\/span>A useful explanation for the patient<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>&#8216;Your surgery may have left sensitivity and reduced mobility. I can address these components cautiously, but our main aim will be to gradually restore arm use and monitor any sign requiring your oncology team&#8217;s advice.&#8217;<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_armpit_pain_deserve_particular_attention\"><\/span>Why does armpit pain deserve particular attention?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The axillary region may have been affected by sentinel lymph node biopsy, lymph node dissection, scarring or nerve irritation. Highly localized, burning pain or pain with numbness must not be treated as simple muscle tension.<\/p>\n<p>Practitioners can map the sensitive area, observe movements that reproduce symptoms and begin with light contact. When pain is neuropathic, progressive desensitization often makes more sense than deep massage.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_restoring_shoulder_blade_movement_matter\"><\/span>Why does restoring shoulder blade movement matter?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After breast surgery, some people spontaneously reduce shoulder blade movement on the operated side. This protective strategy can become troublesome if it persists.<\/p>\n<p>Care may then combine thoracic mobility, scapular control, external rotation and gradual arm elevation. The aim is not to &#8216;reposition&#8217; the scapula, but to restore several movement options.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Should_loading_with_the_arm_on_the_operated_side_be_avoided\"><\/span>Should loading with the arm on the operated side be avoided?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Not indefinitely. Reasonable progressive strengthening is generally preferable to permanent protection. Loading must account for surgery, lymphoedema, pain and the oncology team&#8217;s recommendations.<span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-11\" aria-label=\"Reference 11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><span> <sup><a class=\"osteomag-cite\" style=\"color:#0869c5!important;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"#ref-60650-en-12\" aria-label=\"Reference 12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Starting with modest loads, monitoring the arm&#8217;s response and increasing gradually helps rebuild confidence.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_should_an_osteopath_ask_whether_radiotherapy_was_performed\"><\/span>Why should an osteopath ask whether radiotherapy was performed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Radiotherapy can change skin, sensitivity and tissue flexibility. An irradiated area may respond differently to pressure and require more gradual touch.<\/p>\n<p>Previous radiotherapy is not automatically a contraindication, but changes the clinical context and warrants greater caution.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After a mastectomy or breast surgery, pain, scarring and shoulder stiffness are common and may be very limiting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Osteopathy may contribute as an adjunct, particularly through cautious touch and function-oriented mobilization. Exercise, a gradual return to activity and screening for lymphoedema, neuropathic pain and oncological complications remain central.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"osteomag-references\" style=\"list-style-type:disc\">\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-1\">[1] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39282024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xu Q, Liu C, Jia S et al. Effect of physical exercise on postoperative shoulder mobility and upper limb function in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gland Surg. 2024;13(8):1494-1510. doi:10.21037\/gs-24-255.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-2\">[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34759002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bruce J, Mazuquin B, Canaway A et al. Exercise versus usual care after non-reconstructive breast cancer surgery (UK PROSPER): multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation. BMJ. 2021;375:e066542. doi:10.1136\/bmj-2021-066542.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-3\">[3] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38038901\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ferrara PE, Gatto DM, Codazza S et al. An update on rehabilitative treatment of shoulder disease after breast cancer care. Musculoskelet Surg. 2024;108(1):31-45. doi:10.1007\/s12306-023-00806-w.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-4\">[4] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39562190\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G\u00f3nima Valero E, Rodr\u00edguez Miranda CD, Contreras Arrieta S et al. Nonpharmacological Interventions for Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome-A Systematic Review of the Literature. Clin Breast Cancer. 2025;25(2):e133-e151.e6. doi:10.1016\/j.clbc.2024.10.007.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-5\">[5] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35079831\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Torres-Lacomba M, Prieto-G\u00f3mez V, Arranz-Mart\u00edn B et al. Manual Lymph Drainage With Progressive Arm Exercises for Axillary Web Syndrome After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Ther. 2022;102(3):pzab314. doi:10.1093\/ptj\/pzab314.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-6\">[6] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32497273\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brunelle CL, Roberts SA, Shui AM et al. Patients who report cording after breast cancer surgery are at higher risk of lymphedema: Results from a large prospective screening cohort. J Surg Oncol. 2020;122(2):155-163. doi:10.1002\/jso.25944.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-7\">[7] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/side-effects\/lymphedema\/lymphedema-hp-pdq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Cancer Institute. Lymphedema (PDQ\u00ae)\u2013Health Professional Version. Cancer-related lymphedema: assessment and management. Accessed October 15, 2026.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-8\">[8] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32589208\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davies C, Levenhagen K, Ryans K et al. Interventions for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Oncologic Physical Therapy of APTA. Phys Ther. 2020;100(7):1163-1179. doi:10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa087.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-9\">[9] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25994425\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ezzo J, Manheimer E, McNeely ML et al. Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(5):CD003475. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD003475.pub2.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-10\">[10] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31626055\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campbell KL, Winters-Stone KM, Wiskemann J et al. Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(11):2375-2390. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002116.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-11\">[11] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19675330\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Troxel A et al. Weight lifting in women with breast-cancer-related lymphedema. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(7):664-73. doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa0810118.<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-60650-en-12\">[12] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21148134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Troxel AB et al. Weight lifting for women at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010;304(24):2699-705. doi:10.1001\/jama.2010.1837.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After breast surgery, rehabilitation must respect healing and oncology guidance. Explore gradual arm movement, scar sensitivity, lymphoedema and warning signs, with realistic limits for osteopathic support.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[235,241],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-shoulder","category-womens-health"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67450"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67460,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67450\/revisions\/67460"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osteomag.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}