A variety of side effects can occur when anabolic steroids are misused, ranging from mild effects to those that...

Introduction The Q angle, also known as the quadriceps angle, is a critical biomechanical factor influencing knee health and function. It represents the angle formed between two lines: one drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the center of the patella, and another from the center of the...

Introduction: Biomechanics of Evolution—Exploring Adaptation Through Movement In Part 1 of the series Biomechanics of Evolution, we embark on a fascinating journey into the principles that govern movement and structural adaptations in living organisms. The study of biomechanics merges biology with the laws of physics, offering a window into how...

From the age of 65 onwards, more than half of us will have radiological signs of osteoarthritis, a disease in which the cartilage covering the ends of the bones in the joints breaks down and bone proliferation occurs. To date, the pathogenesis of the disease and the link between muscle...

Anabolic steroids are composed of testosterone and other testosterone-related substances that promote skeletal muscle growth, increase haemoglobin concentration and secondary sexual characteristics. These substances have been used since the 1930s to promote muscle growth, improve sports performance and enhance cosmetic appearance.

A variety of side effects can occur when anabolic steroids are misused, ranging from mild effects to those that are harmful or even fatal. Most are reversible if the user stops taking the drugs. However, others can be permanent or semi-permanent. Most data on the long-term effects of anabolic steroids in...

Introduction Pandemics, global epidemics, and plagues have left an indelible mark on human history, documented through historical records and personal writings since ancient times. These health tragedies, occurring at a rate of about three to four per century, have repeatedly devastated populations worldwide. Survivors have immortalized these deadly diseases by...