Home Not classified Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease

Not classified

Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease

5 September 2022

Cervical disc disease is a common cause of neck pain and pain radiating into the arm. Disc disease develops when one or more cervical discs begin to deteriorate as a result of the wear and tear process caused by the aging of the spine.

Table of contents

Introduction

Cervical disc disease, a degenerative condition targeting the intervertebral discs of the neck, is a growing concern for spinal health. These discs, crucial for neck flexibility and function, undergo degenerative changes over time, often exacerbated by environmental factors and lifestyle habits. This growing health problem requires a thorough understanding in order to shed light on its origins, clinical manifestations, and treatment approaches that can improve the quality of life of affected individuals.

In this exploration, we will dive into the underlying mechanisms of this condition and examine the various facets of its impact on spinal health.

The cervical vertebrae, seven in number, make up the upper part of the spine, located in the neck region. Each cervical vertebra is characterized by its delicate structure, designed to allow a wide range of motion while providing crucial support to the head. The first cervical vertebra, called the atlas, and the second, the axis, are specifically adapted to allow significant rotational movements, allowing actions such as rotating the head.

Between these vertebrae are the intervertebral discs, structures that are essential to the flexibility of the cervical spine. These discs act as shock absorbers, composed of a tough outer ring called the annulus fibrosus and an inner gelatinous core called the nucleus pulposus. Their unique design allows for shock absorption and balanced distribution of forces exerted on the cervical spine during movements and daily activities.

The crucial role of the cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs is to create a flexible structure that supports the head while allowing fluid movement. This combination allows actions such as tilting, rotating, and flexing the neck, contributing to the mobility needed for many daily activities. A thorough understanding of this anatomy is essential to assess potential problems such as cervical disc disease and develop targeted treatment approaches.

Vulnerable Neck Anatomy

Understanding Cervical Disc Disease

Cervical disc disease refers to problems with the intervertebral discs in the cervical spine, which is the part of the spine located in the neck. Intervertebral discs are ring-like structures located between the vertebrae that act as shock absorbers, allowing smooth mobility of the spine.

Causes of cervical disc disease:

Natural wear and tear: As we age, intervertebral discs can experience natural wear and tear. This can lead to a decrease in disc thickness and a loss of flexibility, which can contribute to disc disease.
Dehydration: Dehydration of the discs can occur over time, reducing their ability to absorb shock and maintain space between the vertebrae.
Trauma: Injuries such as car accidents, falls or violent impacts can damage the cervical discs, promoting the development of disc disease.
Heredity: Certain genetic factors can predispose a person to developing intervertebral disc problems.

Symptoms of cervical disc disease:

Neck pain: Neck pain is one of the most common symptoms. This pain can be located in the neck itself or radiate to the shoulders and arms.
Stiffness: People with cervical disc disease may experience stiffness in their neck, which can limit their range of motion.
Numbness and Tingling: Numbness, tingling, or weakness may be felt in the arms and hands due to compression of the cervical nerves.
Headaches: Some individuals may experience headaches, often located at the base of the skull, due to changes in the cervical region.
Muscle Fatigue: Neck muscles can become tired and tight as the body attempts to compensate for changes in the cervical spine.

Impact on Quality of Life

Neck pain : Cervical disc disease is often associated with pain in the neck area. This pain may be constant or intermittent, affecting the person’s ability to perform normal head and neck movements.
Stiffness and loss of mobility : Disc degeneration can cause stiffness in the neck, limiting range of motion. Daily activities such as turning your head, looking around, driving, or even bending over become difficult.
Headaches : Cervical disc disease can cause headaches, particularly cervicogenic headaches, which are pains felt at the base of the skull and neck. These headaches can be frequent and interfere with concentration and daily activities.
Fatigue and sleep disturbances : Constant pain and discomfort can lead to increased fatigue. Additionally, cervical disc disease can disrupt sleep, as sufferers may have difficulty finding a comfortable sleeping position.
Radiation of symptoms : Symptoms of cervical disc disease, such as pain and numbness, can sometimes radiate to the arms, shoulders, and hands, causing loss of strength and feeling. This can make it difficult to perform everyday tasks such as writing, manipulating objects, or holding tools.
Impact on daily activities : Physical limitations due to cervical disc disease can make it difficult to perform normal daily activities, such as housework, work, hobbies, and social activities.
Emotional impact : Living with chronic pain and physical limitations can have a significant emotional impact. Cervical disc disease can lead to anxiety, depression, and impaired overall quality of life.

Personalized Osteopathic Treatment

Gentle Mobilization: Rather than abrupt adjustments, the osteopath may use gentle mobilization techniques to improve the mobility of the cervical joints without causing sudden movements. This can help reduce stiffness and improve flexibility.
Myofascial Release: This approach targets tension and restrictions in muscles and connective tissues. By releasing these tensions, blood circulation can improve, which can help relieve pain and promote healing.
Strengthening exercises: The osteopath may recommend specific exercises to strengthen the muscles of the neck and upper back. Proper strengthening can help stabilize the cervical spine and reduce pressure on the discs.
Postural education: Assessment and correction of postural habits can be incorporated into osteopathic treatment. Incorrect posture can aggravate cervical disc disease, and the osteopath can provide advice on how to improve posture on a daily basis.
Muscle relaxation: Relaxation techniques can be used to reduce muscle tension around the neck area. This can help alleviate symptoms such as pain and stiffness.
Ultrasound therapy or electrotherapy: These modalities can be used to relieve pain and promote healing by stimulating blood flow and reducing inflammation.
Lifestyle advice: The osteopath can advise on lifestyle modifications, including stress management, workplace ergonomics, and other factors that may influence cervical disc disease.

Osteopathy and Pain Management

Improving joint mobility: Osteopaths use manual techniques to assess and improve joint mobility. By working on the cervical spine, they can help restore flexibility and reduce stiffness.
Muscle relaxation: Muscle tension around the neck region can contribute to pain. Osteopathic techniques aim to release muscle tension, which can relieve pressure on the intervertebral discs.
Improved Blood Circulation: By improving blood circulation to the affected area, osteopathy can promote healing and reduce inflammation.
Education and advice: Osteopaths can also provide advice on ergonomics, posture and specific exercises that can help minimise pressure on the cervical spine in everyday life.

Neck Exercises and Stretches

Maintaining strength and flexibility in the cervical region is important to prevent neck pain and tension. Here are some exercises and stretches that may help. However, please consult a health care professional before beginning any new exercise program, especially if you have existing health conditions.

Neck strengthening exercises

Strengthening the neck muscles (flexion):
- Sit or stand with your back straight.
- Gently tilt your head forward, trying to touch your chin to your chest.
- Hold the position for a few seconds, then return to the starting position.
- Repeat 10 to 15 times.
Strengthening the neck muscles (extension):
- Tilt your head back gently while keeping your back straight.
- Hold the position for a few seconds, then return to the starting position.
- Repeat 10 to 15 times.
Strengthening the neck muscles (lateral):
- Slowly tilt your head to one side, trying to bring your ear closer to your shoulder.
- Hold the position for a few seconds, then return to the starting position.
- Repeat on each side, 10 to 15 times.

Neck Stretches

Cervical flexor stretch:
- Sit or stand with your back straight.
- Gently tilt your head forward and try to touch your chin to your chest.
- Place your hands behind your head to apply light pressure.
- Hold the position for 15 to 30 seconds.
Neck muscle stretch (lateral):
- Tilt your head to one side, trying to bring your ear closer to your shoulder.
- Place your hand on the opposite side on your head to apply light pressure.
- Hold the position for 15 to 30 seconds, then switch sides.
Neck muscle stretch (rotation):
- Slowly turn your head to one side, trying to look over your shoulder.
- Hold the position for 15 to 30 seconds, then rotate to the other side.
Self-massage of the neck:
- Use your fingers to gently massage the neck muscles using circular motions.
- Focus on areas of tension.

Be sure to do these exercises and stretches slowly and gently. If you experience excessive pain or persistent problems, consult a healthcare professional.

Exercises and Self-Care

Gentle Neck Stretches: Perform gentle neck stretches by tilting your head from side to side, forward and back. Hold each position for a few seconds to improve flexibility.
Head Rotation: Gently turn your head left and right, maintaining a comfortable position. Repeat this movement several times to promote cervical mobility.
Self-massage: Use self-massage techniques to release muscle tension in the cervical region. Apply moderate pressure with your fingers in circular motions.
Strengthening Exercises: Incorporate muscle strengthening exercises for the cervical region, such as shoulder raises and resisted head rotations. Strengthening the surrounding muscles can help stabilize the cervical spine.
Conscious Posture: Be aware of your posture throughout the day. Keep your head in a neutral position relative to your spine to reduce pressure on the intervertebral discs.
Using Ergonomic Accessories: Use ergonomic accessories, such as a neck pillow, to support a sleeping position that maintains the natural curve of the neck.
Stress Management: Practice stress management techniques, such as meditation and deep breathing, to reduce psychological tension that can contribute to neck pain.
Heat and Cold: Use hot or cold compresses as needed. Heat can relax muscles, while cold can help reduce inflammation.

It is crucial that patients consult their healthcare professional, including osteopaths, before undertaking any exercise or self-care program.

Prevention and Lifestyles

Preventing cervical disc disease involves ergonomic adjustments, good posture, and adopting healthy lifestyles. Here are some tips to minimize the risk of developing this degenerative neck condition:

Maintaining Good Posture: Adopt proper posture by keeping your spine aligned when sitting, standing, or moving. Avoid excessively bending your neck during daily activities.
Ergonomics at Work: Adjust your workstation to promote healthy posture. Use an ergonomic chair, position your screen at eye level, and take regular breaks to move and stretch your neck.
Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight to avoid excessive pressure on the cervical spine. Excess weight can contribute to premature wear of the intervertebral discs.
Muscle Strengthening: Incorporate muscle strengthening exercises, especially for the neck, shoulder and back muscles. Strong muscles help stabilize the spine.
Adequate Hydration: Make sure to stay hydrated, as intervertebral discs need water to maintain flexibility and absorb shock.
Warm Up Before Exercise: Before participating in physical activities, make sure to warm up properly. This prepares the neck muscles and reduces the risk of injury.
Avoid Smoking: Smoking can contribute to the degeneration of intervertebral discs. Quitting smoking can therefore reduce the risk of cervical disc disease.
Stress Management: Adopt stress management techniques, such as meditation and yoga, to reduce muscle tension and prevent stress-related neck problems.
Proper Mattress and Pillows: Choose a mattress and pillows that support the natural curve of the neck while sleeping. Proper support during the night is crucial for the health of the intervertebral discs.
Early Consultation: If you experience symptoms or are at risk due to factors such as heredity, consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Early detection can allow for proactive management.

Osteopathy Success Case Studies

Osteopathic success stories provide inspiring testimonies from people who have been affected by cervical disc disease and have benefited from osteopathic treatments. Here are some examples of how osteopathy has been able to improve the quality of life of these individuals:

Pain and Stiffness Reduction: Case: Mr. Dupont, aged 45, suffered from persistent neck pain and stiffness. After several sessions of osteopathy focused on cervical spine alignment, he experienced a significant reduction in pain and improved mobility.
Restoration of Mobility: Case: Mrs. Martin, 50 years old, had reduced neck mobility and frequent headaches. Through osteopathic techniques of joint mobilization and muscle relaxation, she regained normal mobility and noted a significant reduction in headaches.
Improvement of Neurological Symptoms: Case: Mr. Lavoie, 38 years old, was experiencing numbness in his arms associated with his cervical disc disease. The osteopath applied techniques aimed at releasing nervous tension, which led to a significant improvement in neurological symptoms.
Management of Contributing Factors: Case: Mrs. Gagnon, 55, had cervical disc disease aggravated by poor posture at work. In addition to osteopathic sessions, advice on ergonomics and specific exercises were integrated, which helped manage the contributing factors.
Relapse Prevention: Case: Mr. Tremblay, 48, had previously suffered episodes of cervical disc disease. With a personalized osteopathic treatment plan and self-care recommendations, he was able to prevent relapses and maintain good cervical health.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is cervical disc disease?
- Answer: Cervical disc disease is a degenerative condition that affects the intervertebral discs in the neck. It is characterized by the deterioration of the discs, often leading to symptoms such as neck pain, headaches, and loss of mobility.
What are the risk factors for cervical disc disease?
- Answer: Major risk factors include aging, traumatic injuries, genetics, and poor posture.
How can osteopathy help in the treatment of cervical disc disease?
- Answer: Osteopathy uses manual techniques to relieve pain, improve mobility, and promote structural alignment. This can help alleviate symptoms related to cervical disc disease.
What are the common symptoms of cervical disc disease?
- Answer: Symptoms can include neck pain, headaches, numbness in the arms, and mobility problems. They vary from person to person.
What exercises and self-care are recommended for cervical disc disease?
- Answer: Neck strengthening exercises and self-care techniques, such as stretching, may be recommended to strengthen the neck region and improve flexibility.
Is cervical disc disease linked to other health problems?
- Answer: Yes, cervical disc disease can be linked to other conditions such as herniated discs or neurological disorders. These links will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
What prevention and lifestyle tips are recommended to avoid cervical disc disease?
- Answer: Maintaining good posture, making ergonomic adjustments, and adopting healthy lifestyle habits, including stress management, are essential tips for prevention.
Are there any case studies of success in osteopathy for cervical disc disease?
- Answer: Yes, there are success stories showing how osteopathy has positively influenced the lives of people suffering from cervical disc disease. These cases highlight the effectiveness of the osteopathic approach.

In summary, cervical disc disease, a degenerative condition affecting the intervertebral discs of the neck, requires a thoughtful approach to mitigate its effects and improve quality of life. Key takeaways include understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and exploring effective management methods.

Radiographic signs

Reduced intervertebral space: A decrease in the space between the cervical vertebrae may indicate degeneration of the intervertebral discs, a characteristic of cervical disc disease.
Osteophyte formation: Bony growths, called osteophytes, can form around intervertebral joints in response to disc degeneration.
Stepped Spur: A stepped spur is a bony growth along the lower edge of a vertebra, often seen in the setting of disc disease.
Vertebral subluxation: A partial displacement of one vertebra relative to another, called a subluxation, may be visible on X-rays.
Enlargement of the foramina: Changes in the size of the foramina through which the spinal nerves pass can be detected on X-rays.
Synovial cyst formation: These cysts can develop near joints, a possible response to disc degeneration.
Abnormal alignment: X-rays may reveal abnormal alignment of the cervical vertebrae, indicating structural changes.

Conclusion

Osteopathy is emerging as a promising option in the treatment of cervical disc disease. Techniques focused on alignment and pain management offer encouraging results. The personalization of the osteopathic approach, with particular attention to history and physical examination, ensures that care is tailored to each individual.

When faced with symptoms of cervical disc disease, consulting a qualified osteopath is highly recommended. This conclusion is accompanied by an encouragement to undertake this journey towards healing with a personalized approach. Osteopathy, combined with lifestyle changes and specific exercises, can play a crucial role in improving cervical health and, by extension, quality of life. Do not hesitate to take the first step towards a life free of the constraints of cervical disc disease by consulting a competent osteopath. Your cervical well-being is a priority, and a personalized approach can be the key to your recovery.

References

Shedid D, Benzel EC. Cervical spondylosis anatomy: pathophysiology and biomechanics. Neurosurgery. 2007 Jan;60(1 Supp1 1):S7-13. [ PubMed ]
Fardon DF, Williams AL, Dohring EJ, Murtagh FR, Gabriel Rothman SL, Sze GK. Lumbar disc nomenclature: version 2.0: Recommendations of the combined task forces of the North American Spine Society, the American Society of Spine Radiology and the American Society of Neuroradiology. Spine J. 2014 Nov 01;14(11):2525-45. [ PubMed ]
Frost BA, Camarero-Espinosa S, Foster EJ. Materials for the Spine: Anatomy, Problems, and Solutions. Materials (Basel). 2019 Jan 14;12(2) [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ]
Battié MC, Videman T. Lumbar disc degeneration: epidemiology and genetics. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Apr;88 Suppl 2:3-9. [ PubMed ]
Gore DR, Carrera GF, Glaeser ST. Smoking and degenerative changes of the cervical spine: a roentgenographic study. Spine J. 2006 Sep-Oct;6(5):557-60. [ PubMed ]
Gore DR. Roentgenographic findings in the cervical spine in asymptomatic persons: a ten-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Nov 15;26(22):2463-6. [ PubMed ]
Okada E, Matsumoto M, Ichihara D, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Fujiwara H, Momoshima S, Nishiwaki Y, Hashimoto T, Ogawa J, Watanabe M, Takahata T. Aging of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers: a 10-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Apr 01;34(7):706-12. [ PubMed ]
Boden SD, McCowin PR, Davis DO, Dina TS, Mark AS, Wiesel S. Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990 Sep;72(8):1178-84. [ PubMed ]
Lehto IJ, Tertti MO, Komu ME, Paajanen HE, Tuominen J, Kormano MJ. Age-related MRI changes at 0.1 T in cervical discs in asymptomatic subjects. Neuroradiology. 1994;36(1):49-53. [ PubMed ]
Matsumoto M, Fujimura Y, Suzuki N, Nishi Y, Nakamura M, Yabe Y, Shiga H. MRI of cervical intervertebral discs in asymptomatic subjects. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998 Jan;80(1):19-24. [ PubMed ]
Lawrence J.S. Disc degeneration. Its frequency and relationship to symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis. 1969 Mar;28(2):121-38. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ]
Heller JG. The syndromes of degenerative cervical disease. Orthop Clin North Am. 1992 Jul;23(3):381-94.[ PubMed ]