• Corns and calluses are thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when your skin tries to protect itself from friction and pressure.
• They most often develop on the feet and toes or hands and fingers.

Calluses

• Plantar calluses are hard, thickened skin that forms under the surface of the foot (the plantar side).
• Plantar calluses are common on the plantar fascia.
• This is the thick band of tissue that connects your heel bone to your toes and the ball of your foot.
• They can be uncomfortable, but they are very treatable.

Corns

• Corns form on the surface of the foot (the dorsal side).

Symptoms

• A raised, hardened bump
• An area of thick, rough skin
• Scaly and dry or scaly and waxy skin
• Pain or tenderness under the skin

Causes

• Inappropriate footwear
  • Calluses on the edges of weight-bearing feet are often caused by shoes that are too loose
• Abnormal foot biomechanics
  • Elderly patients
  • Hallux valgus
  • Diabetic neuropathy
  • Claw or hammer toes
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
• High activity levels produce pressure and friction
  • People often develop calluses on the middle or ring finger of their dominant hand from writing with a pen or pencil
  • Playing stringed instruments such as the guitar or violin; calluses will develop on the four fingers of the hand used to hold the strings to the fingerboard,
  • Weightlifters have calluses in the upper part of the palm due to repeated friction.
  • Calluses are also very common on the fingers of climbers on almost all of their fingers.