Spondylolysis is defined as a defect or stress fracture of the interarticular isthmus (pars interarticularis) of the vertebral arch. The vast majority of cases occur in the lower lumbar vertebrae (L5). Spondylolisthesis is defined as slippage of a vertebra caused by spondylolysis.

IntroductionThe woman's body undergoes significant changes during pregnancy in order to adapt to the development of the fetus. These changes become particularly apparent during the last trimester. To maintain functional balance, significant adjustments are necessary.Harvard University highlights the importance of the curves that form during pregnancy. Experts say these curves, particularly the...

From the age of 65 onwards, more than half of us will have radiological signs of osteoarthritis, a disease in which the cartilage covering the ends of the bones in the joints breaks down and bone proliferation occurs.To date, the pathogenesis of the disease and the link between muscle...

Gout is caused by an excess of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia). When the blood has more uric acid than it can handle, the body can turn it into sharp crystals and deposit them in one or more joints.IntroductionGout, a form of inflammatory arthritis, often manifests itself dramatically by...

Osteoporosis is a condition of decreased mass per unit volume of normally mineralized bone due to loss of bone protein. It is called the silent epidemic and usually goes undetected until the patient suffers a hip, rib or spine fracture.

IntroductionAnabolic steroid misuse is a widely observed phenomenon among male weightlifters, especially those in their 20s and 30s. Contrary to popular belief, only about 22% of users started using anabolic steroids as teenagers. This practice is significantly more prevalent among men, primarily due to the desire to achieve extreme muscularity and...

IntroductionThe global COVID-19 pandemic has brought about radical changes in society, affecting various aspects of daily life. A worrying phenomenon that has emerged unexpectedly is the rise in antisocial behavior. This blog will look at the potential causes of this increase, examine the implications for society, and propose solutions based on...